Mitochondria And Chloroplast Essay :: essays research papers fc

I. Presentation      Out of the considerable number of organelles there are two that have entranced microbiologists for as long as hundred years. The first is the mitochondria, nicknamed the "powerhouse of the cell." The second is the chloroplast in plant cells that have capacities like those of the mitochondria. What do these organelles do? What are the similitudes and contrasts of these organelles? This paper will assist you with understanding these two captivating organelles. II. Mitochondria      Mitochondria are little cytoplasmic organelles. They are five to 10 micrometers in length and one to .5 micrometers wide. They fundamental work is to give vitality to cell exercises. They house the respiratory catalysts that convert oxygen and the results of fat, sugar, and protein digestion into adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and guanosine triphosphate (GTP), synthetic substances that have high-vitality bonds. They are empty all aside from a collapsed line of issue that contains the ribonucleic corrosive (RNA) or deoxyribonucleic corrosive (DNA) of the cell.      Mitochondrion utilize a procedure known as oxidation to make fat acids and pyruvate corrosive into (by implication) ATP and Pi (inorganic phosphate). The procedure goes as follows: 1)      Oxidation of pyruvate corrosive into acetyl coenzyme A. 2)      Oxidation of fat acids into acetyl coenzyme A. 3)     Oxidation of acetyl coenzymes from stage one and two into CO2 and NADH2. 4)      Oxidation of NADH2 by oxygen framing water. 5)      Synthesis of ATP coupled to NADH2 oxidation by procedure of oxidative phosphorylation. The majority of this is plain as day with the exception of the last advance (5). The last advance contains an expression "coupled to." This implies the compound (NADH2) must be available and have been oxidized for the combination of ATP, like an impetus' quality of certain responses.      Although the mitochondrion's significant reason for existing is to flexibly the cell with the truly necessary ATP, it has others. Remembered for this rundown are nitrogen digestion, porphyrin amalgamation and steroid hormone blend. III. Chloroplasts      Chloroplasts are confounded green organelles that happen inside the cytoplasm of plant cells. They are the principle destinations of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the difference in light vitality, CO2 water into sugar which is utilized as food. They are circle formed organelles and are encircled by two layers of film that encase the watery inside or stroma. Inside the stroma there are green dabs called grana (grains) that hold chlorophyll.      As with the mitochondrion the Chloroplasts utilize brilliant or on the other hand sunlight based vitality to make an item. For this situation hexose. 1) The color edifices in the chloroplasts (counting yet not constrained to chlorophyll) gather      solar vitality. 2) The light vitality accumulated in the initial step is utilized to run an electron transport chain that      oxidizes water into 0xygen. NADP is decreased. 3) ATP combination is coupled to the electron transport train.

Sample of Narrative Essay Writing

Sample of Narrative Essay WritingIt has been said that, 'the story is the key to life', and this is actually a very useful piece of advice when you are writing your narrative essay. As an essay writer, one of the main jobs is to develop characters and build stories. If your storyline is incomplete without them, you will lose the reader.The storyteller is interested in developing character, so they are very interested in literary qualities. They are also interested in how these characters carry out the given task, but they don't realize that these literary qualities have a psychological, emotional and spiritual foundation. These literary qualities have a major impact on the way we view life.In other words, if you want to develop the characters of your writing, and if you want to build a lasting storyline, it is necessary for you to understand what you are writing about, because it is important for you to come up with the kind of characters who would react in a given situation in the r ight way. And it is very important for you to determine what the emotional requirements of the character are and how these would manifest themselves in the story.For example, in a narrative essay, one needs to put into consideration how the characters in the story would act if they were in a similar situation. You should know where their weaknesses lie, and which parts of the characters may benefit the plot more. For this reason, the writer uses samples of narrative essay writing. These samples can be found anywhere.But not only does it involve the idea of individuals, it also involves the idea of a certain point of view. An example of narrative essay writing is looking at the effects of a car crash in a motorist's life. The writer is interested in developing the strengths and weaknesses of the different characters in the story.There are four examples of narrative essay writing: the family drama, murder mystery, medical mystery and history. A narrative is concerned with making a def inite point of view. It is not interested in weaving the story from many different perspectives and then joining them together as a final unit, but rather the writer aims to develop one point of view that would portray the main character's life in the best possible light.Narrative writing also involves an element of psychology. So it is a good idea to look for samples of narrative essay writing in magazines or online. Also, there are various websites that offer these samples free of charge.Sample of narrative essay writing should include stories, because this is the main characteristic of the work. The writers who write these kinds of essays require an expert in order to put their words in proper context. The samples of narrative essay writing that are available can be very helpful when you are looking for these kinds of resources.

Why is writing for radio and television different from writing for a newspaper or magazine Essay Example

Why is composing for radio and TV unique in relation to composing for a paper or magazine? Paper Diverse arrangement of rules apply to the specialty of composing relying upon the mode of production/communicate. Indeed, even inside a specific medium, composing can be isolated into exploratory writing and reportage/feeling, with the last generally dependent on realities. Different classifications exist inside traditional exploratory writing †unmistakable among them are books, short stories, verse and plays. Thus, both the medium and the class consolidate to lay a lot of rules for the essayist. The remainder of the exposition will layout those rules and furthermore give models. With the approach of significant distance media transmission innovation during the mid twentieth century, radio took off as the most looked for after open communicate medium. Composing for radio at that point turned into a particular field for there are one of a kind characteristics related with a simply aural method of correspondence. This acted provokes like well as chances to journalists and telecasters. Those pioneers who vanquished this new skyline recorded as a hard copy set up a class that was both reviving and requesting. For instance, tuning in to a play in the radio is very unique to watching it in front of an audience. The writer should enhance through sound the occasions in front of an audience that are not accounted in words. As it were, exceptional sound impacts to ponder transpirations stage got significant. Henceforth, essayists needed to give more consideration to detail and attempt to join different sorts of data into the aural structure. What radio authors likewise did was to improve the capacity to focus and grouping of the crowd, for the account will in general be data pressed and firmly plotted to augment content yield. We will compose a custom paper test on Why is composing for radio and TV not quite the same as composing for a paper or magazine? explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Why is composing for radio and TV unique in relation to composing for a paper or magazine? explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Why is composing for radio and TV not the same as composing for a paper or magazine? explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Coming to exploratory writing for TV, the principles are not as thorough as that pertinent to radio composition, for the class draws a considerable lot of its guidelines from movies. This is particularly evident as for dramas, sitcoms and other broadcast diversion. The British Broadcasting Corporation, which has aced both radio and TV dramatization throughout the years, has the accompanying to state about great TV show composing: â€Å"TV is anything but difficult to kill or turn over, so open your story as powerfully as possible. Attempt to snare the enthusiasm of the crowd as quickly as time permits with the goal that they will need to remain tuned and, if there are more scenes to come, will need to continue tuning in. Inquire as to whether there’s a sufficient feeling of character, show, and story to support an audience’s engagement.† (www.bbc.co.uk, 2012) In any case, with regards to news inclusion in TV, the primary center will in general be the features, with sound nibbles and video film supplementing the looking over content. TV syndicated programs, then again, have now become a tried and true idea that can prevail with even fundamental account innovation. We’ll now perceive how composing for radio and TV is distinctive to composing for paper and magazines. The printed word has constantly demonstrated to be all the more remarkable in communicating complex idea or contention. Thus, the media of magazines and papers are increasingly able for doing inside and out investigation of open issues. Composing for the print media likewise requires a more noteworthy order over jargon, language and use. Henceforth, composing for distributions is unquestionably more testing and demanding than composing for TV or radio. It is just those scholarly people who can perform sharp investigations that make it to publication pages of significant papers. Revealing for print media, then again, is normally about after a set configuration or format, which doesn’t require high expository abilities. The accompanying tips will come convenient to the news or feeling essayist: â€Å"The opening line of the article must catch the reader’s eye straight away. This is indistinguishable to some other type of composing: a story must snare the peruser in an extremely short space of time†¦this snare must be the principal sentence, not the second or the third†¦Another urgent point here is the length of the initial sentence. The word check should be close to twenty-two words for your snatch line. This in itself is a challenge.† (Shaw, 2007) In addition, journalists should remember that blocked printing styles, where the sections are enormous and run on with long sentences, will in general put off the peruser. Consequently, boosting ‘white space’ inside the article will make it all the more speaking to peruse. All in all, composing for any mode of correspondence carries with it a one of a kind arrangement of difficulties and necessities. However, by acing these necessities the author can deliver a work of high caliber. A concise gander at the historical backdrop of twentieth century composing uncovers what number of extraordinary bits of articles, plays and TV shows have been created. These perfect works of art have exceeded expectations in the workmanship and specialty of composing. Works Cited: Composing TV Drama: Scripwriting Tips, It is essential to know your market, recovered from on nineteenth July, 2012 Janet Shaw, June 12, 2007, Writing Articles for Newspapers and Magazines †Tips and Tricks, recovered from on eighteenth July, 2012. Harvard College Writing Program, Harvard Writing Project, recovered from on nineteenth July, 2012.

Definition and Examples of Deductive Arguments

Deduction is a method of reasoning from the general to the specific. Also called deductive reasoning and  top-down logic. In a deductive argument, a conclusion follows necessarily from the stated premises. (Contrast with induction.) In logic, a deductive argument is called a syllogism. In rhetoric, the equivalent of the syllogism is the enthymeme.​ Etymology From Latin, leading Examples and Observations The fundamental property of a deductively valid argument is this: If all of its premises are true, then its conclusion must be true also because the claim asserted by its conclusion already has been stated in its premises, although usually only implicitly.Scientific Deduction and Rhetorical DeductionFor Aristotle, scientific deduction differs in kind from its  rhetorical  counterpart. True, both are conducted according to the laws of thought. But rhetorical deduction is  inferior for two reasons: it starts with uncertain premises, and it is enthymematic: it generally relies on audience presuppositions to supply missing premises and conclusions. Because conclusions cannot be more certain than their premises and because any argument is deficient in rigor that relies on audience participation for its completion, rhetorical deductions can yield at best only plausible conclusions. . . .Syllogisms and EnthymemesVery rarely in literary argument do reasoners make use of the complete sy llogism, except to render perfectly apparent the premises from which the conclusion is deduced, or to show some fault in reasoning. Deductive arguments take various forms. One premise, or even the conclusion, may not be expressed if obvious enough to be taken for granted; in this case, the syllogism is called an enthymeme. One of the premises may be conditional, which gives the hypothetical syllogism. A syllogistic argument may be involved in a statement with its reasons, or with its inferences, or may be diffused throughout an extended discussion. To argue effectively, with clearness and cogency, the reasoner must have his deductive framework clearly in mind at every point of his discussion, and keep it before the reader or hearer. Pronunciation di-DUK-shun Also Known As Deductive Argument Sources H. Kahane,  Logic and Contemporary Rhetoric, 1998Alan G. Gross,  Starring the Text: The Place of Rhetoric in Science Studies. Southern Illinois University Press, 2006Elias J. MacEwan,  The Essentials of Argumentation. D.C. Heath, 1898

Annapolis Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

The United States Naval Academy is a federal service academy with an acceptance rate of 8.5%. The U.S. Naval Academy at Annapolis is highly selective, and the application process is different from many other schools. Applicants must meet eligibility requirements including U.S. citizenship, age, and marital status. Students who meet eligibility requirements can submit a preliminary application which will determine if they are competitive to become an Official Candidate for admission. Applicants must also receive a nomination from a senator, member of Congress, current naval officer, or veteran. Other components to the Annapolis application include a medical exam, a fitness assessment, and a personal interview. Considering applying to the U.S. Naval Academy? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Why the United States Naval Academy? Location: Annapolis, MarylandCampus Features: The Annapolis campus is an active naval base with a waterfront location on the Severn River.Student/Faculty Ratio: 8:1Athletics: The Navy Midshipmen compete in the NCAA Division I American Athletic Conference and Patriot League.Highlights: Annapolis is one of the most selective colleges in the country, and all costs are covered because of the five-year active duty obligation upon graduation. The school ranks among the top Maryland colleges and top Middle Atlantic colleges. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, the U.S. Naval Academy had an acceptance rate of 8.5%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 8 students were admitted, making Navys admissions process highly competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 16,086 Percent Admitted 8.5% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 88% SAT Scores and Requirements The United States Naval Academy requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 58% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 620 760 Math 620 760 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Annapolis admitted students fall within the top 20% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Annapolis scored between 620 and 760, while 25% scored below 620 and 25% scored above 760. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 620 and 760, while 25% scored below 620 and 25% scored above 760. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1520 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at the U.S. Naval Academy. Requirements Annapolis does not require the SAT writing section or SAT Subject tests. Note that the U.S. Naval Academy participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. ACT Scores and Requirements The United States Naval Academy requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 74% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 26 32 Math 27 32 This admissions data tells us that most of Annapolis admitted students fall within the top 18% nationally on the English portion of the ACT, and within the top 15% nationally on the math portion. The middle 50% of students admitted to Annapolis received an English score between 26 and 32, while 25% scored above 32 and 25% scored below 26. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 27 and 32, while 25% scored above 32 and 25% scored below 27. Requirements The U.S. Naval Academy does not require the ACT writing section. Unlike many universities, Annapolis superscores ACT results; your highest subscores from multiple ACT sittings will be considered. GPA The U.S. Naval Academy does not provide data about admitted students high school GPAs; however, the admissions office indicates that successful applicants tend to rank in the top 20% of their graduating class. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Annapolis Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to the United States Naval Academy. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances The United States Naval Academy is one of the countrys most selective colleges with a low acceptance rate and high average SAT/ACT scores. However, Annapolis has a holistic admissions process involving other factors beyond your grades and test scores. The U.S. Naval Academy looks at the rigor of your high school courses, not just your grades. The academy requires all candidates to complete an interview and pass a physical fitness assessment. Winning candidates typically demonstrate leadership potential, meaningful extracurricular involvement, and athletic ability. In the graph here, the blue and green dots represent accepted students. You can see that the majority of students who were accepted had grades in the A range, combined SAT scores above 1200 (ERW M), and ACT composite scores above 25. The higher those grades and test scores, the better the chance of admission. Tuition Costs and Benefits The Navy pays 100% of the tuition, room and board, and medical and dental care for Naval Academy midshipmen. This is in return for five years of active-duty service upon graduation. Midshipmen pay is $1,087.80 monthly (as of 2018) but after deductions for laundry, barber, cobbler, activities, yearbook, and other services the net cash pay is $100 per month the first year, with increases each year thereafter. Cost-reducing perks include regular active-duty benefits such as access to military commissaries and exchanges, commercial transportation, and lodging discounts. Midshipmen can also fly (space available) in military aircraft around the world. If You Like Annapolis, You May Also Like These Schools Virginia Military Institute,  West Point,  the  Air Force Academy, and  The Citadel  are all potential options for those considering going to a college affiliated with a branch of the U.S. military. All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Admissions Statistics and the United States Naval Academy Undergraduate Admissions Office.

The Effects Of Electronic Cigarettes On The United States

It is undeniable that the popularity and usage of electronic cigarettes or personal vaporizer devices have been on the rise since they first gained the public’s attention in the early twenty first century. In fact, one study by UBS Securities LLC shows that the value of the e-cigarette market has doubled or more each year since 2007 and was expected to double from two hundred and fifty million dollars in 2011 to five hundred million in 2012(7). Some of the growing concerns is that, like the tobacco market when it first started growing in popularity, there has been little research conducted on the long term effects of electronic cigarettes. Other causes for concern stem from the marketing and sale of these devices to teenagers. This is why the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) needs to impose restrictions and regulations on the use and sale of these devices and conduct further research on the health related effects and long term effects of their usage. The rapid rise in acceptance and usage can be attributed to the claims made by the manufacturers of these products, that they are a safer alternative to smoking or that they are a new possible smoking cessation aid. However in 2010 the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had rejected these claims and issued warnings to five such manufacturers for â€Å"violations of good manufacturing practices, making unsubstantiated drug claims, and using the devices as delivery mechanisms for active pharmaceutical ingredients.† Although,Show MoreRelatedElectronic Cigarettes: A Safer Alternative? 1074 Words   |  4 Pagesdeath in the United States and the health benefits from stop smoking outweigh other smoking interventions. Existing smoking cessation programs have high failure rates if no nicotine replacement is being used, however, smokers who use nicotine replacement therapy or more likely to stop smo king than those without. 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This creates a vapor that is then inhaled by the user thus administering nicotine into the lungs to be absorbed by the blood. This system avoids the combustion related to smoking tobacco products and in theory is much safer and better for your health. Considering that smoking causes the premature death of 440,000 people each year and costs the United States approximatelyRead MoreNon Smoker Policy1028 Words   |  5 Pageslargest tobacco-producing state in the United States endorsed the Non-Smoker Protection Act (NSPA) that banned smoking in enclosed areas in Tennessee with some exceptions (â€Å"Information for Employers†, n.d.). The law went into effect on June 11, 2007 and municipalities had to observe it no longer than October 1, 2007. This law was enforced by the Tennessee Department of Health. In 2006, Tennessee ranked 5th in the highest percentage of current smokers among the 50 states (Bauer L, 2008). 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Treasury and Risk Management for Swiss Exporters- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theTreasury and Risk Management for Swiss Exporters. Answer: Discussing the reason for SNB de-pegging of Franc, while evaluating the hedging strategies implemented by Swiss exporters On January 2011, Swiss National Bankmade a decision, which changed the value of franc and is considered one of the dark days for stock market of the country. This de-pegging decision made by Swiss National Bankwas based on certain assumptions and actions that was taken by different bank all around the world. The event resulted in major devaluation of Swiss Franc, which hampered their currency valuation in comparisons to other countries (Bishop 2015). The reason behind Swiss National Bankconducting the de-pegging are depicted as follows. Accumulation of high Euro and foreign currency reserve: During the period of pegging conducted by Swiss National Bank, it mainly accumulated high foreign reserve and Euro for reducing the rising valuation of Swiss Franc. In addition, the increasing accumulation of foreign currency was maintained by raising the supply of Swiss Franc by Swiss National Bank. The high demand of Swiss Franc mainly increased valuation of the currency, while hampering their international trade. This rising supply of Swiss Franc increased the chance of hyperinflation within the country, as evaluated by business and analyst. In addition, Swiss National Bank accumulated 480 billion worth of foreign reserve, which comprises 70% of the GDP (Admiral Markets 2018). This high accumulation of foreign reserve mainly reduced the actual valuation of Swiss Franc against other currencies. In this context, Skinner (2016) stated that Central Bank of countries use the foreign reserve to maintain the valuation of their currency, which helps in reducing the negative impact of vola tile currency market. Devaluation of Euro against other countries: The euro valuation has relatively declined over the period, which resulted in the devaluation of euro and Swiss Franc. Moreover, the euro valuation has relatively declined over the period, which in turn reduces the value of Swiss Franc due to high accumulation of currency by Swiss National Bank. The Europeans Central Bank started with the easing policy for rising the inflation rate and supplying more currencies for buying bonds of Euro-Zone counties. This rising production and supply of Euro with the currency market mainly devalued the overall currency. In addition, this devaluation resulted in the decline of Swiss franc due to their exposure and accumulation of 480 billion foreign reserves. Therefore, the devaluation of Euro increased, which is hindering progress of the economy. Kim and Chance (2018) stated that the devaluation of currencies mainly hampers trade and export profits of the country, which in turn hampers their actual GDP growth. The Strategic measures taken by European Central Banks mainly increased the devaluation of Euro and in turn hamper the valuation Swiss Franc. The above-mentioned reasons mainly initiated Swiss National Bank to conduct the de-pegging, which was being continued. This halt in operations was due to the decline in Swiss Franc, which was intended by Swiss National Bank form the start. Therefore, Swiss National Bank during January 2011 for determining the actual value of Swiss Franc stopped the pegging process. Swiss National Bank with the help of de-pegging measure was able to controlling the hyperinflation, which was evaluated by analyst. The exporter of Switzerland would eventually use adequate hedging process for curbing the rising volatility in the currency market and make maximum of the profits from the transactions. The use of option hedging strategy would be helpful for the exporters for hedging their exposure in the international market. Du and Schreger (2016) stated that hedging process allows exporters for curbing the volatilities in the currency market and fix their payment by using adequate hedging measures. In addition, the use of money market hedge is also a viable approach, which could be used by investors in reducing the negative impact of changing currency prices. On the other hand, Caldentey and Haugh (2017) criticises that without the use of adequate knowledge about the hedging measure the exporter might increase their risk and increase losses from the transaction. Moreover, the Swiss exporters could use both hedging positions for effectively reducing the negative impact of volitively Swiss Franc. Bo th option hedging strategy and money market strategy is a viable approach that might be used by the exporters for fixing their future payments. Identifying the risk of each strategy and estimating the dollar cash flows it will receive because of using each strategy: Particulars Amount Rate Payment 50,000,000 Probability to go up $ 60,000,000 1.2 Probability to go down $ 40,000,000 0.8 Un-hedge strategy Value Value Payment 50,000,000 Spot rate $ 1.10 $ 55,000,000 Probability of spot price in 1 yr $ 1.20 $ 60,000,000 Loss in un-hedging $ 0.10 $ 5,000,000 Probability of spot price in 1 yr $ 0.80 $ 40,000,000 Profit from un-hedging $ 0.30 $ 15,000,000 Forward hedge strategy Value Value Payment 50,000,000 Spot rate $ 1.10 $ 55,000,000 Forward rate $ 1.13 $ 56,500,000 Probability of spot price in 1 yr $ 1.20 $ 60,000,000 Loss in hedging $ 0.07 $ 3,500,000 Probability of spot price in 1 yr $ 0.80 $ 40,000,000 Profit from hedging $ 0.03 $ 16,500,000 Money market hedge Value Value Payment 50,000,000 interest in Euro 2.00% 1,000,000 Amount in euros borrowed 49,000,000 Spot rate $ 1.10 $ 53,900,000 interest in US 5.50% $ 2,964,500 Total payment received in 1 yr $ 56,864,500 Probability of spot price in 1 yr $ 1.20 $ 60,000,000 Loss in hedging $ 3,135,500 Probability of spot price in 1 yr $ 0.80 $ 40,000,000 Profit from hedging $ 16,864,500 Option Hedge Put Option Value Value Payment 50,000,000 Put option 1.11 Exercise price 0.06 Total value of put option 1.05 $ 52,500,000 Probability of spot price in 1 yr $ 1.20 $ 60,000,000 Loss in hedging $ 0.15 $ 7,500,000 Probability of spot price in 1 yr $ 0.80 $ 40,000,000 Profit from hedging $ 0.25 $ 12,500,000 Option Hedge Call Option Value Value Payment 50,000,000 Cal option 1.15 Exercise price 0.08 Total value of put option 1.07 $ 53,500,000 Probability of spot price in 1 yr $ 1.20 $ 60,000,000 Loss in hedging $ 0.13 $ 6,500,000 Probability of spot price in 1 yr $ 0.80 $ 40,000,000 Profit from hedging $ 0.27 $ 13,500,000 From the evaluation of above table, the risk and cash flow can be identified, which could be used by ABC company to identify the best possible hedging strategy. In addition, the unhedged policy is the one strategy, which has the higher risk of loss that might incur by the company. Moreover, other hedging strategy has relevant risk and reward attribute, which reduces the risk from payment substantially and fixes the exchange value, which might incur in one-year time. Alvarez and Hansen (2017) mentioned that with hedging measure investor can curb the rising risk from currency market. Explaining the hedge that is optimal for ABC: Hedging Strategies Profit Loss Un-hedge strategy $ 15,000,000.00 $ 5,000,000.00 Forward hedge strategy $ 16,500,000.00 $ 3,500,000.00 Money market hedge $ 16,864,500.00 $ 3,135,500.00 Option Hedge Put Option $ 12,500,000.00 $ 7,500,000.00 Option Hedge Call Option $ 13,500,000.00 $ 6,500,000.00 From the overall evaluation of the above table, money market hedge is identified to be the most beneficial, as it incurs the least loss, while obtaining the highest profit in both probable conditions. In this context, lvarez Espinoza and Hansen (2017) stated that the money market hedging allows investor to conduct trade on the specific trades, which could reduce risk from changing exchange rate. Reference and Bibliography: Admiral Markets (United Kingdom). (2018).Price shock: when the Swiss National Bank unpegged the Swiss franc from the euro. [online] Available at: https://admiralmarkets.com/analytics/traders-blog/price-shock-when-the-swiss-national-bank-unpegged-the-swiss-franc-from-the-euro [Accessed 23 Mar. 2018]. lvarez Espinoza, R. and Hansen, E., 2017.Corporate currency risk and hedging in Chile: Real and financial effects(No. IDB-WP-769). IDB Working Paper Series. Alvarez, R. and Hansen, E., 2017.Corporate Currency Risk and Hedging in Chile: Real and Financial Effects. Inter-American Development Bank. Bishop, K. (2015).Swiss franc soars, stocks tank as euro peg scrapped. [online] CNBC. Available at: https://www.cnbc.com/2015/01/15/swiss-franc-sours-stocks-tank-as-euro-peg-scrapped.html [Accessed 23 Mar. 2018]. Boudoukh, J., Katz, M., Richardson, M.P. and Thapar, A., 2015. Risk Without Reward: The Case for Strategic FX Hedging.AQR, September, pp.45-50. Caldentey, R. and Haugh, M., 2017. A Cournot-Stackelberg Model of Supply Contracts with Financial Hedging and Identical Retailers.Foundations and Trends in Technology, Information and Operations Management,11(1-2), pp.124-143. Du, W. and Schreger, J., 2016. Local currency sovereign risk.The Journal of Finance,71(3), pp.1027-1070. Kim, S.F. and Chance, D.M., 2018. An empirical analysis of corporate currency risk management policies and practices.Pacific-Basin Finance Journal,47, pp.109-128. Skinner, W.R., 2016. CFC-Level Hedges of Currency RiskA Review.International tax journal, p.14. Yaganti, C.H., Kamaiah, B. and Gupta, H., 2015. Exchange Traded Currency Future Markets and Risk Management in India.Journal of International Economics,6(2), p.13.

Managerial Issues in Organisations †Case study of Fine Coating Inc

In contemporary society, it is generally acknowledged that there is a compact relationship between the process of accounting and successive stages of capitalism. The WritePass Journal

In contemporary society, it is generally acknowledged that there is a compact relationship between the process of accounting and successive stages of capitalism. 1. Introduction In contemporary society, it is generally acknowledged that there is a compact relationship between the process of accounting and successive stages of capitalism. 1. Introduction2. A review of Capitalism2.1 The conception of Capitalism2.2 Capitalism and two stages3. A review of Accounting 3.1 The conception of Accounting 3.2 The development of Accounting 4.   The relationship between Capitalism and Accounting5. Accounting changes during the Industrial Revolution in Britain5.1 Railway5.2 Canal industryReferences Related 1. Introduction In contemporary society, it is generally acknowledged that there is a compact relationship between the process of accounting and successive stages of capitalism. Then, according to Sombart (1916), the notion of double entry bookkeeping has influence on the emergence of capitalism. Consequently, this viewpoint can arouse a great controversy. Some researchers agree Sombart’s argument and launch a deeper study between the accounting and capitalism. In addition, Chiapello (2007) also states that there is the association between the conception of capitalism and the angle of economy and society which is impact on accounting. Moreover, it is argued that the capitalism revolution has deeply impact on the history of accounting. So, there is an interconnected relationship between the process of accounting and successive stages of capitalism. This essay will elaborate the issue about the role of accounting plays in successive stages of capitalism. In the first section, it will give the conception of capitalism and state two stages of capitalism. Second part gives the conception and development of accounting. Then, the relationship between them is given in the next section. Finally, it can be conclude that the history of accounting has influence on capitalism through the case of canals and railways in UK. 2. A review of Capitalism 2.1 The conception of Capitalism Initially, as Deschepper (1964) states, capitalism was first proposed by Louis Blanc in the second half of nineteenth century and it is required to separate from the capital. Afterwards, Chiapello (2007) argues that the word capitalism can be turned into the antonyms of socialism during the twentieth century. Then, Sombart (1930) gives a clear definition on the basis of social scholars: ‘Capitalism designates an economic system significantly characterized by the predominance of â€Å"capital† ’ (Sombart, 1930, p.4). Secondly, according to Weber (1991), capitalism is defined that ‘the most universal condition for the existence of modern capitalism is, for all large lucrative businesses supplying our daily needs, the use of a rational capital account as standard’(Weber, 1991,p. 297). From the angles above, it can be concluded that most scholars cannot clearly propose the word capitalism even though capitalism has its definition according to their own thoughts. For example, Marx just used the expression of ‘capital system’ or ‘capital production’ rather than the word capitalism. 2.2 Capitalism and two stages It is witnessed that there is an energetic view about the capitalist revolution with the development of business history. Consequently, according to Wilson (1995), it is widely accepted that capitalism can be divided into two stages on the basis of different categories of management: the traditional form of capitalism and the managerial capitalism. To begin with, Wilson (1995) claims that it is clear that early capitalism is described that an individual can play various roles in operating the company from the perspective of personal management. So, it is the traditional form of capitalism. For instance, according to Mantoux (1928), the manager tends to have various powers to operate the company and the powers contain the rights for businessman or salesman. From the perspective above, it is obvious that most the corporate affairs can usually be dominated by an individual or small management teams until management functions can be separated. Moreover, as Wilson (1995) states, the managerial capitalism is viewed as the second stage, but there are two periods in the managerial capitalism: the entrepreneurial form of organization and the managerial form of organization. Firstly, it is apparent that a company transforms from individual forms to form of enterprise because personal management form has itself internal and external limits and it seems that the development of organization can be restricted. So it is the entrepreneurial form. In this stage, the owner-manager tend to need to hire professionals and use external funding and it seems that ownership and control start to emerge a separation in order to improve management functions. Finally, the managerial stage is regarded as the second period as Wilson (1995) asserts. It is well known that there is a complete separation between ownership and control. That is to say, professional manager should commit strategic, functional and operational management while investors can control most of stock equity which operates the company. 3. A review of Accounting 3.1 The conception of Accounting Initially, according to Young (2006), American Institute of Accountants’ Committee can provide an official definition: ‘Accounting is the art of recording, classifying and summarizing in a significant manner and in terms of money, transactions and events which are, in part at least, of a financial character, and interpreting the results thereof ’ (cited in Grady, 1965, p. 2). Secondly, as Bryer (2006) claims, accounting is defined that there is a kind of process which offer useful accounting information for investors and senior managers. Obviously, accounting is regarded as a kind of looking for the common economic purpose of the reasonable and dominant method (Bryer, 2006). Afterwards, it is obvious that all the accounting information can be made reasonable economic decisions for the future development of the organization as Bryer (2006) demonstrates. Thirdly, McLaney and Atrill (2007) provide another conception of accounting: it is evident that it can collect many useful available financial data, use a certain method to analyse these information and report to managers in the form of financial statement. Then, managers can make full use of these data to make the right economic decisions for the progress of the company. Therefore, from these angles, it tends to conclude that there are the common features in terms of the definition of accounting. In other words, it is well known that accounting is the process of collecting and analyzing the financial data for managers and managers can make use of these information to make economic decisions for the company. 3.2 The development of Accounting Along with the progress of business, it is widely believed that accounting has been constantly developing. Therefore, as Edwards (1989) states, there are four stages in terms of the progress of accounting: the pre-capitalist period, the commercial capitalism, the industrial capitalism and the financial capitalism. Firstly, according to Edwards (1989), the first stage is pre-capitalist period, which dates from Mesopotamian civilisation until the Greek civilisation (4000 BC -1000 AD). Then, the first form of accounting is a simple record keeping and it origins from the Mesopotamian trade. For instance, Edwards (1989) illustrates that the original method is that the knotted cord keeps records, but this record evolves into keeping the minute on the ceramics or paper with the development of society. Hence, it means that there appears an initial form of calculating profits in terms of recording the goods and cash in this stage. Secondly, Edwards (1989) claims that commercial capitalism is regarded as the second stage. This stage begins from 1000 to 1750. It is defined that merchants use money to purchase raw materials rather than number of production equipment and finish the goods, and make a big profit to obtain more shares after selling the products in this period. Then, it is described as â€Å"circulating capital†. So, it is also called the original commercial form. Moreover, it is worth to point out that there appears a new way of record keeping which is called double entry booking from about 1300 and then this method becomes more and more prevalent after 1494. Thirdly, as Edwards (1989) states, the third stage is known as industrial capitalism. This stage normally dates from 1760 to 1830 in Britain even though industrial revolution had different periods in various countries. Afterwards, it is commonly accepted that the progress of mass machinery and factory marked the birth of industrial capitalism due to the emergence of new energy in the mid-nineteenth century. In addition, it is obvious that rich labour resources also promote the capitalist industrialization because of low infant mortality and the enclosure movement and then textile industry with ceramic and transportation appear constantly. Hence, it can be seen that manufacturing is the main proceeds in this stage. On the other hand, it is of importance that single entry and double entry can be chosen at that time from the perspective of industrialists, however, double entry replaced eventually single record keeping due to the improvement of resource allocation even though single entr y maintains the leading position in Britain until nineteenth century. Finally, financial capitalism is viewed as the fourth stage according to Edwards (1989) and this period starts from 1830 until today. It is notable that public services, like railway building, tend to become the preliminary stress on capital rather than fixed capital in terms of financing at this stage. Furthermore, it seems that public services can be required abundant of money rather than carrying on activities on small scale. Obviously, accounting problems such as the division of capital costs and tax costs, calculating profits, the evaluation of fixed assets tend to be constantly emerged. At that time, there are same accounting problems between mechanical inventions and technological inventions because of financing. In the end, government has transformed the attitude about the rule of business activities and it means that financial data are required while managers tend to choose suitable methods in terms of financial reporting procedures. 4.   The relationship between Capitalism and Accounting According to Wilson (1995), it is witnessed that there is an energetic view about the capitalist revolution with the development of business history. Furthermore, as Chiapello (2007) states, it is evident that to a large extent the emergence of accounting can lead to the notion of capitalism. Then, Chiapello (2007) also asserts that there is the association between the conception of capitalism and the angle of economy and society which is impact on accounting. At the same time, Sombart (1916) claims that as the record keeping method of accounting, the notion of double entry bookkeeping has influence on the emergence of capitalism. In addition, Bryer (2000) suggests that there is the theory of Marx which emphasis on the history of accounting and the transformation of capitalism. So, it means that the history of accounting is closely associated with the transformation of capitalism. Finally, according to Arnold and McCartney (2008), it is argued that series of developing capitalism has impact on the external form of accounting about financial statement during the industrial revolution in Britain. Therefore, from these perspectives, it can be concluded that there is the common characteristics between the accounting and the capitalism. That is to say, firstly, it seems that along with the development of the business history, accounting can constantly emerge in the capitalist revolution and it also facilitates the notion of capitalism. Secondly, it is evident that the double entry bookkeeping also comes out with the progress of accounting and it is deeply connected with the appearance of capitalism. Due to the development of capitalist revolution, there appears a new method of bookkeeping under the changing circumstance. Consequently, according to Edwards (1989), it is obvious that small businesses tend to use single entry to keep the trading activities in the eleventh century and this record keeping can make small businesses operating well. However, due to the increasing business activities and the growth of amount of trading, it seems that single entry may restrict the size of business. It is thus well known that double entry bookkeeping tend to come out from about fourteenth century and it would become increasingly popular in 1494. Then, double entry is widely used in UK in the seventeenth century because of the increase in the number of transaction. To start with, as Sombart (1992) states, double entry bookkeeping is defined that there are two accounts in every entry. That is to say, one is the debit account and another is the credit account. It is also the basic rule of double entry. As is seen that double entry bookkeeping would closely together with the accounts of enterprise. In addition, Sombart (1992) asserts that the capital account and the income account start to appear and it is the core of double entry bookkeeping. At the same time, DEB is given an objective: ‘keeping track of every movement throughout the company’s capital cycle, quantifying it and recording it in writing’ (Sombart, 1992, p.21).   Chiapello (2007) claims that close annual account put forward for the first time from the textbook of Simon Stevin and the balance sheet was proposed according to double entry bookkeeping. However, Yamey (1964) also gives another definition of double entry bookkeeping: initially, there is the sole standard about the balance of debit and credit accounts in terms of the balance system of bookkeeping. Secondly, this system adds the use of capital accounts and nominal accounts, but regular calculation of net income has not been enrolled. As a result, from these perspectives it can be concluded that there is the development of double entry bookkeeping in early capitalism stage and the conception of double entry bookkeeping. That is to say, firstly, it is defined by Sombart and Yamey that double entry bookkeeping can be divided into two accounts. Secondly, double entry bookkeeping tend to be come out because of expanding increasingly the size of businesses. 5. Accounting changes during the Industrial Revolution in Britain As Arnold and McCartney (2008) claim, financial statement which is an external form of accounting has formed in the successive stages of capitalism and it is obvious that financial reports have sort of changes in terms of railway and canal industry during the initial period of industrial revolution. 5.1 Railway According to Arnold and McCartney (2008), it seems that the establishment of railway enterprise such as Liverpool and Manchester railway mark the appearance of financial capitalism from 1830. As an illustration, Edwards (1989) states that the requirement of public utilities tend to turn into the primary pressure of capital instead of fixed capital during the Industrial Revolution. So, for the sake of large scale financing, two railway buildings, Liverpool and Manchester railway, was found in 1830. The London Stock Exchange can place importance on corporation securities during the second half of nineteenth century and it can represent the importance of railway in terms of the capital market. At that time, as the railways were the major industry during the second half of nineteenth century according to Arnold and McCartney (2008), the construction of railway was required to invest amount of capital rather than a small scale. So, plenty of financial data can need to be reported in the f inancial statement. Then, these data can contribute to design the project, calculating costs in the period of construction and finally these information were reported after the completion of the railway line (Edwards, 1989). 5.2 Canal industry The canal industry plays a significant role in the UK economy during the start of nineteenth century and it also has impact on the industrial revolution. According to Edwards (1989), the canal industry may mark the real commence of financial capitalism because it make use of surpluses from the employment of capital in trade and capital from the investors. As Bagwell and Lyth (2002) states, the establishment of the canals can be miracle during the late eighteenth century and the early nineteenth century and civil engineering with pound locks, aqueducts, cuttings and tunnels tend to be performed in the canal buildings. Then, Arnold and McCartney (2008) assert that the age of canals dated from 1755, for the sake of enhancing navigation of Sankey Brook which is a tributary of the Mersey, Liverpool Company acquired a navigable Act and the coals can be transported to Liverpool from the St Helens. So, it can also facilitate the progress of the Bridgewater canal from Manchester to Worsley. However, according to Bagwell and Lyth (2002), the cost of coal sharply decreased in Manchester when canal was built at the July of 1761. Subsequently, a better alternative of Manchester Runcorn Canal can be facilitated by the Bridgewater canal in 1767 and recently the carriage levies started to drop as well. Simultaneously, it is accepted that new canals h ave not only the function of transporting the cargo, but they can also be regarded as the transportation of passengers due to the introduction of the Manchester passenger boats in the late of eighteenth century (Arnold and McCartney, 2008).   In addition, as Hadfield (1981) mentions, it is witnessed that from the angle of canals, there is a growth of inland navigation system between England and Wales from 1,482 miles to 3,969 miles during the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century. Hence, it is defined as the stage of industrial revolution. However, as Arnold and McCartney (2008) claim, the Bubble Act can be proposed by an Act of Parliament and there are some limitations from the angle of joint stock company since the failure of South Sea company. Afterwards, the first corporation, which is named The Company of Proprietors of the River Dun, was established in 1733 by this Act and this company has the total  £ 17,250 capital. Therefore, it means that the canal companies can be viewed as â€Å"statutory companies, for trading purposes† for the first time and there are limited liabilities in some corporations(Harries, 2000, pp.98-9). From these perspectives above, it can be concluded that the canal companies tend to make a financial foundation for future industrial process as a means of selling stocks and bonds (Bagwell and Lyth, 2002). Although some canal companies have some certain data such as construction costs and dividends, it is clear that the periodic accounts or financial statements are used to search for understanding the profitability (Arnold and McCartney, 2008). Additionally, the Rochdale and Lancaster directors insist to keep â€Å"proper books of Accounts† while the directors of the Kennet and Avon adhere to use the cost of construction about â€Å"a true and particular Account†. Then, it is also mentioned that the data set of three companies such as Birmingham, Kennet and Avon, and Oxford Canal companies can totally use the DEB to keep accounting records. In brief, according to Arnold and McCartney (2008), it is obvious that there are two financial statements in the Rochdale Canal, which are Statement of the Receipts and Disbursements and Statement of the debits and credits. Then, Arnold and McCartney (2008) also state that the Kennet and Avon’s general account is the initial form of General Balance Sheet even if it cannot include relevant information. 6. Conclusion Based on the arguments offered above, the development of accounting has far-reaching effects on the successive stages of capitalism especially in the period of British Industrial Revolution. Sombart (1916) claims that the notion of DEB has influence on the emergence of capitalism. In addition, Chiapello (2007) also states that there is the association between the conception of capitalism and the angle of economy and society which is impact on accounting. As a result, it is clear that along with the development of the business history, accounting can constantly emerge in the capitalist revolution and facilitate the notion of capitalism. Then, it is evident that the double entry bookkeeping also comes out with the progress of accounting and it is deeply connected with the appearance of capitalism. Therefore, based on the case of canals and railways in Britain, it is evident that the process of financial reporting has far-reaching effects on the stages of industrial revolution. Meanwhile, the history of accounting may pose an essential impact on the stages of capitalism. References Arnold, A.J. and S. McCartney (2008) ‘The transition to capitalism and its implications for financial reporting: evidence from the English canal companies’ Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal 21 (8): 1185-1209 Bagwell, P. and Lyth, P. (2002) Transport in Britain. London: Hambledon and London. Bryer, R.A (2000) ‘The history of accounting and the transition to capitalism in England. Part one: theory’ Accounting, Organizations and Society 25:131-162 Bryer, R. (2006) ‘Accounting and control of the labour process’ Critical Perspectives on Accounting 17: 551-598 Chiapello, E. (2007) ‘Accounting and the birth of the notion of capitalism’ Critical Perspectives on Accounting 18: 263-296 Deschepper, E. (1964) L’histoire du mot capital et de ses derives. Facult ´e de Philosophie et Lettres. Bruxelles, Universit ´e Libre de Bruxelles, m ´emoire de recherch ´e. Bruxelles: Philologie Romane. Edwards, J. R (1989) A history of financial accounting. London and New York: Routledge. Hadï ¬ eld, C. (1981) The Canal Age, 2nd ed. Newton Abbot: David Charles. Harris, R. (2000) Industrializing English Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Mantoux, P. (1928) The Industrial Revolution in the Eighteenth Century. Jonathan Cape. McLaney, E. and P. Atrill (2007) Accounting: an Introduction (4th edition). Prentice-Hall Sombart, W. (1916) Der moderne Kapitalismus. M ¨ unchen, Leipzig: Duncker and Humbolt. Sombart, W. (1930) Capitalism. In: Seligman ER, Johnson A, editors. Encyclopedia of the social sciences. New York: The Macmillan Company. Sombart, W. (1992) Cahiers d’histoire de la comptabilit ´e, Editions Ordre des experts comptableset Editions comptables Malesherbes, vol. 2 Weber, M. (1991) Histoire  ´economique. Esquisse d’une histoire universelle de l’ ´economie et de la soci ´et ´e. Paris: Gallimard Wilson, J. F (1995) British business history, 1720-1994. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press. Yamey, BS. (1964) ‘Accounting and the rise of capitalism: further notes of a theme by Sombart’ Journal of Accounting Research   2(2):117–36 Young, J. J. (2006) ‘Make up users’ Accounting, Organizations and Society 31 (6): 579-600

Critical Thought Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Critical Thought - Essay Example The critical thought makes it seem as though modern democracies arose out of the thinking of the Ancient Greeks, or that governmental architecture mirrors classical Greek architecture naturally. This, however, ignores the massive historical gap that lies between the two time periods. The modern democracy, and modern nation state, arose not out of the polis, but out of the feudal system of the middle ages. Land ownership requirements existed in many countries into the 19th century for voting rights, for instance, a direct holdover from the feudal, not the classical world. To be truthful to history and to the truth of ourselves, we must recognize that our world in some ways mirrors the prototypes developed by the Greeks not because of natural evolution or happenstance, the mirrors exist because the creators of our societies have actively tried to copy and to call on aspects of ancient Greek culture in architecture, governance and

Types of electronic medical records Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Types of electronic medical records - Essay Example †¢ Professional electronic health record is designed to serve less than forty health officers. This means that the software is capable of successfully showing details of less than 40 patients at once. Thus if the request to show information exceeds forty, the system may experience delays or even crash. It is ideal for a medium-sized health institution. †¢ The Enterprise electronic health record software is designed in such a manner that it can handle a large number of requests to display patient’s health records. The software can handle a big number of requests thus making it ideal for large health institutions. It is also used commercially hence given the name enterprise electronic health records software. eClinicalWorks This is one of the biggest and most popular electronic health records vendors. It has a customer base of more than 55, 000 customers who have their records electronically stored. The main reason behind its popularity is the fact that it is easily accessible in most of the health institutions, and hence, the chances of the patient failing to get their records are low. This means that a patient can be treated by different physicians in different locations and still provide the same information to the different medical practitioners. The software popularity and efficiency have won it several electronic health record awards. The software is also widely accepted and also legitimate as it is ONC-ATCB certified. The Aprima electronic health record is popular and acceptable with many people. ... The software can handle a big number of requests thus making it ideal for large health institutions. It is also used commercially hence given the name enterprise electronic health records software. eClinicalWorks This is one of the biggest and most popular electronic health records vendors. It has a customer base of more than 55, 000 customers who have their records electronically stored. The main reason behind its popularity is the fact that it is easily accessible in most of the health institutions, and hence, the chances of the patient failing to get their records are low. This means that a patient can be treated by different physicians in different locations and still provide the same information to the different medical practitioners. The software popularity and efficiency have won it several electronic health record awards. The software is also widely accepted and also legitimate as it is ONC-ATCB certified (Software Advice, 2011). Aprima Electronic Health Record The Aprima ele ctronic health record is popular and acceptable with many people. The software boasts of several features that are not available in the other electronic health record software. Among the unique properties of the Aprima electronic health record software is the feature that incorporates billing and scheduling. This makes it possible for the patient to get the breakdown and total of the treatment charges. The software also reminds the patients of their schedule and appointments with the clinician. The advanced features make it usable by any size or type of practice. The legitimacy of the software is proved by the fact that it is also ONC-ATCB certified. Greenway primeSUITE 2011 This is electronic health record software which has grown to be a market leader in this line of

Digital Smell Technology Essay Example for Free

Digital Smell Technology Essay We all are aware about todays technology evidence, how far it resembles with our day to day life. Everything around us is changing so rampantly. Basics needs in this era of technology are not just limited to three i.e. food, shelter and clothes, people are expecting a lot than this three basic one. If you observe carefully technology mainly focused on our sense of sight and sound, you will find it more interesting and incredible. Now it’s time to add one more sense into the list and that is nose and tough. We all are very quantize with the online shopping through internet, while buying some product on the internet we can see the image of the product. This online shopping is just limited for some products like clothes, mobiles etc. But now you can buy those products which have smell like perfumes, cakes etc. Anything which you will decide to buy from its smell. Means you will be able to smell the object just sitting in front of your computer by using this digital smell technology. Now you might be thinking that how it will be possible ?. California based Dig scents Inc. has developed this technology. A small device connects through your computer or laptop via serial port and has its own driver which produces the smell related to your product in your room. The idea of this technology came from one perfume making company for the advertisement of his perfumes products. This digital smell technology can be used for the security purpose in public places like theaters or some auditorium etc for detecting the odd flavor of some explosive materials. There is USB device which need to connect to your computer via. USB device is called ismell. Which contain some chemicals to produce the all types fragrance using different combinations. For each smell there is some code for respective smell. When user click on that product link client request  the ismell device and the device recognized the coding according to that the respective smell will be escaped from the device and spread into the room.

Charles Augustin de Coulomb :: biographies bio

Charles Augustin Coulomb was born on June 14th, 1736 in Angoulà ªme, France. Henry Coulomb, Charles' father, had a military career, but left that for the government. His mother, Catherine Bajet, was related to a very wealthy family, the de Sà ©nac's. Many say that Henry Coulomb got caught up in some financial mishaps which led to him losing most all of his money. During Coulomb's younger years his family moved from Angoulà ªme on to Paris. Here, Charles attended many lectures at the College Mazarin and also the College de France. His mom wanted him to be a medical doctor, but on the contrary, Charles wanted to go on and study mathematics. Since Charles disobeyed his mother, he was disowned and was forced to stay with his father over in Montpellier. During his stay he joined the second royal scientific society in France known as the scientific circle. Here he read many papers on mathematics and astronomy. It was a shame that he had no money to purchase a home of his own and continu e his scientific studies, but eventually he came to be a military engineer. He joined the military school at Mà ©zià ¨res in 1760. Here he formed many friendships which would later be important for his scientific work. Charles Bossut, his teacher at Mà ©zià ¨res and Jean Charles Borda where among them. After spending nearly nine years in Martinique as an engineer of the military Charles returned to France mostly due to ill health. In 1781 he entered the French Academy of Sciences where he was a part of the administration of waters and fountains, the reform of hospitals and the system of weights and measures. He was able to publish his paper in 1787 where he proved his famous Coulombs Law. Soon came the outbreak of the French Revolution and Charles decided to retire to a small cottage in Blois. Here he was able to devote his time to

Male Character Essay

Masculine roles have effective power in recent movies. In the chapter, the author who is Kenneth Mackinnon talks about ‘masculinity in movies’ by variety ways. He not only considers about the different kinds of movie genres, individual movies and those male movie stars in general, but also introduces the hard body and soft body contrastively for audience. Moreover, Mackinnon mentions about the disadvantages of masculinity in the films and provides three recent illustrations in 2000 to answer the questions of masculinity clearly. The evidence which author selected is widespread but all come from the main idea of masculinity such as technological advances, the homoeroticism and heterosexuals, the feminism and masculinity and even the culture and history about masculinity in movies. At the beginning of the chapter, Mackinnon introduces the different genres about masculinity in movies by using lots of examples. There are variety of movie types such as action genres, bond movies, westerns, war films, slasher movies, sports movies and something else. One of the most important types is action movie. As Mackinnon said, action movie is †a version of heroism was promoted in these movies that depended on visual evidence of physical strength and might. †(P294) For this reason, the publishers pay much money to superstars in order to get the extraordinary effects in action films. For example, Sylvester Stallone in ‘make rampage’ movie. Similarly, bond movie, as an action series, depicted a new type of masculinity, which found in †Gentleman Chivalry† from 1962 to the present. The kind of movie continues to execute the heroism, which is popular among audience. For instance, the famous identities of 007 are James Bond and his ‘bond girl’. However, there is too much â€Å"technological excess† and special effects in recent years. That’s captured audience’s attention negatively. The author has also stated the westerns, which are â€Å"the supreme genre for the depiction of traditional, laconic, dominating masculinity. † (P297)The protagonists are usually cowboys in Hollywood film. The consequence of those boys usually be alone. Moreover, western movie allows violence, homosociality and â€Å"evasion of domestication†. The author’s opinion of masculinity in sports movies is that they provide a kind of lifestyle, which is a pure physical machismo for audience. In other words, it is â€Å"a highly stylized version of traditional masculinity†(P300) people have chance to watch a â€Å"natural† masculinity in sports movie. (i. e. Field of Dreams). Another genre has been mentioned is comedy. It’s a different side of masculinity. Comedy always shows audience the irony of traditional masculinity, especially in vulnerable side. They focused more on conflicts from fatherhood rather than motherhood. In order to understand the masculinity movie deeply, the author selected a few individual movies such as Born on the Fourth of July, Dead Ringers, The Crying Game and The Full Monty. The protagonist of Born on the Fourth of July is Don Kunz who acts as a â€Å"heroic masculine ideal† in the movie. He thinks winning is the most important thing. â€Å"to win, others must be losers†(p304)make him full of physical strength. He is a typical figure of masculine in movie. Male stars are also an important factor for masculinity movie, because female audience, even some of male audience will follow the movie stars. In the chapter, Mackinnon introduce male stars such as Warren Beatty, Clint Eastwood and Charles Bronson.

Kant s Philosophy On The Metaphysics Of Morals,...

Through the studying of Kant’s work on the metaphysics of morals, categorical imperative is defined as an absolute command that must be obeyed in all circumstances. He stated it is a universal moral obligation because it is justified as an end in itself. In another word, if something is morally good it has the ability to will everyone to act in the same way regardless of their background, understanding or circumstances. For example, rational beings do not kill innocent children. This is the kind of moral thinking that every rational being can universally agree. Unlike categorical imperative which is a duty based action, hypothetical imperative is an action that one performs based on one’s desire. According to Kant hypothetical†¦show more content†¦According to Kant’s belief this man must turn his son in even if it is against his own instinct to protect his son. There are cases of parents, brothers, sisters, husbands and wives lied to authority to protect their loved ones. He can keep quiet and no one will know his son had committed the crime, he can conforms to the moral law and turn himself in as the culprit because somebody need to pay for the crime but at the same time he can still protect his son or he can do what is morally correct and turn his son in. What Kant proposed is to move beyond their personal desire to protect themselves and the one they love and simply do what is right. If one is doing what is right only to conform to the moral law they are not necessary respecting that law. That person could also do what is wrong if necessary to protect themselves or those who they love. However, if one is doing something right for the sake of the moral law then that person would sacrifice everything for the sake of upholding those moral laws. In another word, even if that man’s wife threatens to leave him, hate him or even to hurt or kill him for turning his son in to the authority, he would still go to the authority to turn his son in. He has everything to lose by telling the truth but it is the right thing to do. Kant believed that one should always tell the truth because it is morally correct. According to Kant’s categorical