Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

(Love you mom and dad in Romanian) A lot of people here today probably didnt understand what I just express because I am Romanian, exactly if you take a look at my parents face they know I love them. I am Romanian and my parents came to the U.S. and could stool chosen any state but they chose Washington. For all the people who dont appreciate Washington as much as me let me lay down somewhat vibes. After I went to Arizona and California and some other states I came to realize that everything here is so much greener. Washington has the best-tasting tap water and yes, thither is a difference in taste of water. Did you know Washington has an awesome kelp forest? People from all around the world come here to dive in our ocean to see our kelp forest. If you want some investment tips invest in kelp cause in that respect is going to be a big shell in that industry. The city of Seattle is one of the greatest. It is so artsy and everyone here is so nice. I just felt I should point out that we have one of the greatest states in the United States. The beauty of doing a graduation speech is you get to say what ever you want. I thought that was going to be easy but, as I look back through the four years of high school the only time I wrote something was when I was assigned it. So you would turn over such a young thriving mind would take advantage of this and spill his guts out. So I typed and typed and well, I kept getting nowhere. I watched other commencement speakers from the HBN archive talk about our future and realized that they had some pretty fancy words of advice. Now I know I cannot feed you advice on the future because I dont have the experience. What I will give you people here today is some grade A knowledge about a place that you guys might not of ev... ...iday album. Thats the beauty of The Simpsons, it doesnt matter how dumb you are everyone has their place in the city. They keep true to them selves and eventually there moment of fame will come. Ev eryone, know your Simpsons Now I want to get out of here as much as all you people, it just seems as though the last day will never end. So I just want to say respect each other and never give up on any of your dreams because you get one life and you might as well make it a fun one. So as we blank out I want you all to know that I have the best wishes for all of you and if any of you see my comic book, Stickmen Revolution, for sale go ahead and patron me out a bit. I leave you with a joke, (Romanian Joke) I know some of you might have had a hard time understanding that but if you take a look at my parents faces that was, that was a really funny joke. For The Revolution

The Worst Jobs in the World :: essays research papers

The Worst Jobs in the WorldTURD DIVER - cleans the grate at the sewer treatment plant HOG SLAUGHTERHOUSE PROCESSOR - I work in a slaughterhouse where we process hogs. They come in by the truckload and sometimes I have to lead them to the eating pen and kill them with a bullet in the head. Usually this job means that the technician ends up covered with blood. The hog is then placed upon meat hooks by its posterior legs. After the hog is lifted into position, its neck is slit so that blood can drain into a large vat. Sometimes it seems that gallons of blood pours out. One benefit, though, is chintzy hams and bacon. We get to buy meat at very low cost. Too bad we dont make enough money to buy very much. $9.00 as processor. Its a living.BURNT POTATO CHIP PICKER - For minimum wage you get to watch cooked potato chips quickly fly by on a conveyor belt and you have to pick out the burnt ones. This is done in 90+ degree temperature, with a thick coating of oil in the air. With these 3 i ngredients, it isnt long before motion sickness (watching the chips fly by) increases with the smell and temperature causing you to want to taproomf. And you know how it is having a minimum wage job, you dont get a bomb and have to keep your nose to the grindstone. Needless to say I turned down overtime.GAY BAR JANITOR - Think about it . . . Cleaning a bar is a bad enough thought. In a gay bar some of the things you see, hear and find can be very confusing and afford you not wanting to touch anything Ever ARMPIT SNIFFER in a deodorant factory. The Worlds Worst Jobs- Nuclear Warhead Sensitivity Technician- Circus Elephant Clean Up Specialist- Rotten Sardine Taste Detector- Assistant To The Bosss Nephew- Shark Baiter- Hurricane Photographer- Director Of Public Relations, Chernobyl Nuclear Facility- Prison Glee unite President- Road Kill Removal CrewWorst Jobs1.Lumberjack 2.Fisherman 3.Cowboy 4.Ironworker 5.Seaman 6.Taxi driver 7.Construction worker 8.Farmer 9.Roofer 10.Stevedore W orlds Worst JobsDo you think your job stinks? You could be a flatus Odor Judge.Thats just one of several of the Worst Jobs in Science according to the editors of "Popular Science" magazine, who just compiled the list for the latest issue.Topping the map for worst jobs are the odor judges at a Minneapolis gastroenterologist -- theyre are paid to smell peoples farts to determine potentially critical medical symptoms.

frankenstein (not full) :: essays research papers

Differences and Similarities are used to emphasize certain aspects of things. This idea is commonly when a movie is made that is based on a book. The director of the movie may choose to keep details in his movie that adheres to the details in the book that the movie is based on. He may also choose to change some details from the book to what he perceives to be more fitting. In the case of Frankenstein the novel and the 1995 movie version of Mary Shelly?s Frankenstein, there were notable differences and similarities. The differences dealing with the procreation of the monster and the ending of the story, and similarity dealing with the move point of the story help create a better understanding of this complex story.A notable difference between the book and the movie was the education of the Monster. They both focus around the Monster?s time spent ceremony the De Lacey?s. In the movie his time was devoted mostly to just watching the family and how they acted towards each other. He learned quite quickly how to speak and read and learned to understand the different emotions people possessed. The only justification of the Monster?s rapid learning process is that in a movie not a great deal of time can be spent on this or else the movie would drag on. Although not a lot of time was spent on showing the development of the Monster?s education in the movie, the book however went into great detail in describing its education. During his stay in the shack near the De Lacey?s cottage the Monster came across four books that would elucidate him and show the reader the learning of the Monster step by step. The first book was Volney?s Ruins of Empires.

The Farewell Sermon of Muhammad :: Islam Religion Essays

The Farewell Sermon of MuhammadThe apostle continued his pilgrimage and showed the men the rites and taught them the tradition of their hajj. He made a speech in which he made things clear. He praised and glorified deity, then he said O men, listen to my words. I do not know whether I shall ever incur you in this place again after this year. Your blood and your property are sacrosanct until you meet your Lord, as this day and this month are holy. You will surely meet your Lord and He will ask you of your works. I have told you. He who has a pledge let him return it to him who entrusted him with it all usury is abolished, hardly you have your capital. Wrong not and you shall not be wronged. God has decreed that there is to be no usury and the usury of Abbs b. Abd al Muttalib is abolished, all of it. All blood shed in the irreligious period is to be left unavenged. The foremost claim on blood I abolish is that of Ibn Raba b. al Hrith b. Abd al Muttalib (who was fostered among the Ban Layth and whom Hudhayl killed.) It is the first blood shed in the pagan period which I deal with. Satan despairs of ever being worshiped in your land, but if he can be obeyed in anything short of worship he will be pleased in matters you may be disposed to think of little account, so beware of him in your religion. Postponement of a blessed month is only an excess of disbelief whereby those who disbelieve are misled they allow it one year and forbid it another year that they may make up the number of the months which God has hallowed, so that they permit what God has forbidden, and forbid what God has allowed. Koran 937 Time has completed its cycle and is as it was on the day that God created the heavens and the earth. The number of months with God is twelve four of them are sacred, three consecutive and the Rajab of Mudar, which is between Jumd and Shabn. You have rights over your wives and they have rights over you. You have the right that they should not defile your bed and that the should not behave with open unseemliness. If they do, God allows you to put them in separate rooms and to beat them but not with severity.

Somalia Essay -- Somalian History, Imperialism

From Tranquility to Turmoil Imperialism in SomaliaNo force has had a greater stupor on modern nations and their cultures than royalism. Imperialism is a policy of extending a nations rule over foreign areas by acquiring and holding colonies. During the nineteenth ampere-second in particular, imperialism became a trend among wealthy European nations such as Great Britain, France, and Italy, as countries competed to gain resources and expand their empires. In enforcing these policies, imperial powers spread many effects over the span of the globe. The question is, were the effects of imperialism beneficial or detrimental to the colonized nations? For the nation of Somalia, it is clear that imperialism was nothing but a sexual perversion of justice, as their bloody post-independence history in particular shows when compared with the peace that existed pre-imperialism. The British and Italian imperial policies proved destructive to the nation of Somalia, as shown by the rate of flow absence of governmental stability, lack of economic prosperity, and increasing ethnic conflict. Governmental stability is a key component of evidence that imperialism was detrimental to Somalia. Before imperialism, Somalia operated as an Arab sultanate. Society was divided into clans, each ruled by a sultan. The government was not unified under one body but it was functional and in that respect has been no history of dissatisfaction prior to imperialism. In 1886, Britain made a treaty with the Sultan of Tajura and captured northern Somalia while Italy gained control of the southern portion by reservation a treaty with the Sultan of Hobyo (Background Note 1). Both British and Italian Somaliland, the resulting colonies, were protectorates (Italian Somaliland 2). The protect... ...o be extinguished. So from the perspective of ethnic conflict, too, it is clear that imperialism brought Somalia from remedy to worse. Historians will, until the end of time, continue to debate over whe ther imperialism caused much benefit or harm to the world as a whole. In the case of Somalia, though, there is no question as to the immense harm imperialism caused. Imperialism resulted in governmental instability and corruption, an equally unstable economy thrown off balance by imperial rule, and incessant ethnic conflict with Ethiopia and Kenya. Britain and Italy took advantage of a weaker country for their own economic and nationalistic benefits, and then left it under the pretense of preparing it to be more modern politically and economically, when really all they did was derail an innocent nation, and leave it alone to glue its shattered remains together.

Somalia Essay -- Somalian History, Imperialism

From Tranquility to Turmoil Imperialism in SomaliaNo force has had a greater shock on modern nations and their cultures than purplishism. Imperialism is a policy of extending a nations rule over foreign areas by acquiring and holding colonies. During the nineteenth nose candy in particular, imperialism became a trend among wealthy European nations such as Great Britain, France, and Italy, as countries competed to gain resources and expand their empires. In enforcing these policies, imperial powers spread numerous effects over the span of the globe. The question is, were the effects of imperialism beneficial or detrimental to the colonized nations? For the nation of Somalia, it is clear that imperialism was nothing but a sexual perversion of justice, as their bloody post-independence history in particular shows when compared with the peace that existed pre-imperialism. The British and Italian imperial policies proved destructive to the nation of Somalia, as shown by the authoritati ve absence of governmental stability, lack of economic prosperity, and increasing ethnic conflict. Governmental stability is a key component of evidence that imperialism was detrimental to Somalia. Before imperialism, Somalia operated as an Arab sultanate. Society was divided into clans, each ruled by a sultan. The government was not unified under one body but it was functional and thither has been no history of dissatisfaction prior to imperialism. In 1886, Britain made a treaty with the Sultan of Tajura and captured northern Somalia while Italy gained control of the southern portion by reservation a treaty with the Sultan of Hobyo (Background Note 1). Both British and Italian Somaliland, the resulting colonies, were protectorates (Italian Somaliland 2). The protect... ...o be extinguished. So from the perspective of ethnic conflict, too, it is clear that imperialism brought Somalia from split to worse. Historians will, until the end of time, continue to debate over whether imp erialism caused much benefit or harm to the world as a whole. In the case of Somalia, though, there is no question as to the immense harm imperialism caused. Imperialism resulted in governmental instability and corruption, an equally unstable economy thrown off balance by imperial rule, and incessant ethnic conflict with Ethiopia and Kenya. Britain and Italy took advantage of a weaker country for their own economic and nationalistic benefits, and then left it under the pretense of preparing it to be more modern politically and economically, when really all they did was derail an innocent nation, and leave it alone to glue its shattered remains together.

Philosophies of Learning Theory

INTRODUCTION What is speculation? A opening is a way of persuasion and a sticker of how things work, how principles be connect, and what causes things to work together. Learning theories address key questions, for example, how does girdment happen? How does motivation occur? What influences pupils development? A theory is not fair(a) an supposition. Its an topic that is a coherent explanation of a set of relationships that has been tested with lots of look. If the idea survives rigorous testing, that theory is said to have empirical grounding. A theory is developed from practical experience as well as research.Any given theory is usu eithery about one aspect of the guideing work. Learning theoriesareconceptual frameworksthat describe how information is absorbed, work oned, and retained duringlearning. Learning brings together cognitive, emotional, and environ psychological influences and experiences for acquiring, enhancing, or making changes in ones knowledge, skills , values, and knowledge domain views. at that place are three master(prenominal) categories of learning theory sortism,cognitivism, andconstructivism. Behaviorism focuses only on the objectively observable aspects of learning.Cognitive theories smell beyond demeanor to explain brain-based learning. And constructivism views learning as a process in which the learner actively constructs or builds new ideas or concepts. Philosophies of teaching and learning, numerous philosophers have studied what the meaning of to teach and learn, and have come up with various explanations of the process of becoming educated. Their begin to refine their have got beliefs and understandings of what it means to know by dint of examining numerous theories of knowledge and making sense of the processes of teaching and learning in their stimulate oral sexs.An few philosophies and examples of individuals who exemplify the concepts are worth exploring Existentialism (Maxine Greene, Jean-Paul Sartre, Soren Kierkegaard, Simone de Beauvoir), Critical Theory (Karl Marx, Henry Geroux, Michael Apple, Paulo Friere), Behaviorism (B. F. Skinner), Cognitivism / Developmentalism (Maria Montessori, A. S. Neill, John Dewey, Knowles, Waldorf Schools, Reggio genus Emilia Schools), neighborly Constructivism (John Dewey, Lev Vygotsky, Jerome Bruner, Montessori, Reggio Emilia and Waldorf Schools). 1. 0 LEARNING THEORIESInpsychologyand gentility,learningtheories are attempts to describe how tribe and animals learn, thereby helping us understand the inbredly complex process of learning. There are three main categories (philosophical frameworks) under which learningtheories fall behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism. 1. 1 Behaviorism Behaviorism focuses only on the objectively observable aspects of learning and discounts the indispensable processing that might be associated with the activity. Learning is the acquisition of newbehaviorthrough conditioning. There are two types of possible conditioning ) Classical conditioning, where thebehaviorbecomes a reflex response to stimulus as in the case of Pavlovs Dogs. 2) Operant conditioning where there is reinforcement of thebehaviorby a return or a punishment. The theory of operant conditioning was developed by B. F. Skinner and is known as Radical Behaviorism. The word operant refers to the way in which behavior operates on the environment. Briefly, a behavior may result either in reinforcement, which increases the managelihood of the behavior recurring, or punishment, which decreases the likelihood of the behavior recurring.It is measurable to note that, a punisher is not considered to be punishment if it does not result in the reduction of the behavior, and so the terms punishment and reinforcement are determine as a result of the actions. Within this framework, behaviorists are particularly interested in measurable changes in behavior. 1. 2. Cognitivism Since the Cognitive Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s, lear ning theory has undergone a great deal of change. Much of the empirical framework of Behaviorism was retained even though a new paradigm was begun. Cognitive theories look beyond behavior to explain brain-based learning.Cognitivists consider how human memory works to promote learning. So for example how the natural physiological processes of encoding information into concise term memory and long term memory become important to educators. Once memory theories like the Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model and Baddeleys Working memory model were established as a theoretical framework in CognitivePsychology, new cognitive frameworks of learning began to emerge during the 1970s, 80s, and 90s. Today researchers are concentrating on topics like Cognitive load and Information Processing Theory.These theories of learning are very useful as they guide the Instructional design. 1. 3. Constructivism Constructivism views learning as a process in which the learner actively constructs or builds new ide as or concepts based upon current and past knowledge. In other words, learning involves constructing ones own knowledge from ones own experiences. Constructivist learning, therefore, is a very personal endeavor, whereby internalized concepts, rules, and general principles may consequently be applied in a practical real-world context. 1. 4. Informal and Post-Modern TheoriesInformal theories of education deal with more(prenominal) practical breakdown of the learning process. One of these deals with whether learning should take place as a building of concepts toward an overall idea, or the understanding of the overall idea with the details filled in later. Modern thinkers favor the latter, though without any al-Qaida in real world research. Critics believe that trying to teach an overall idea without details (facts) is like trying to build a masonry structure without bricks. Other concerns are the origins of the drive for learning.To this end, many a(prenominal) have split off fr om the mainstream guardianship that learning is a primarily self taught thing, and that the ideal learning situation is one that is self taught. According to this dogma, learning at its basic level is all self taught, and class rooms should be eliminated since they do not fit the perfect model of self learning. However, real world results indicate that isolated students fail. Social support seems crucial for sustained learning. Informal learning theory also concerns itself with book vs real-world experience learning. Many consider most schools severely lacking in the second.Newly emerging hybrid instructional models combining traditional classroom and computer enhanced instruction promise the best of both worlds. 2. 0 PHILOSOPHY ON LEARNING THEORIES. People have been trying to understand learning for over 2000 years. Learning theorists have carried out a roll on how raft learn that began at least as far back as the Greek philosophers, Socrates (469 399 B. C. ), Plato (427 347 B. C. ), and Aristotle(384 322 B. C). The debates that have occurred through the ages reoccur today in a variety of viewpoints about the purposes of education and about how to encourage learning.To a substantial extent, the most effective strategies for learning depend on what kind of learning is desired and toward what ends. Plato and one of his students, Aristotle, were early entrants into the debate about how people learn. They asked, Is truth and knowledge to be found within us (rationalism) or is it to be found outside of ourselves by using our senses (empiricism)? Plato, as a rationalist, developed the belief that knowledge and truth can be discovered by self-reflection. Aristotle, the empiricist, used his senses to look for truth and knowledge in the world outside of him.From his empirical base Aristotle developed a scientific manner of gathering data to field of operation the world around him. Socrates developed the dialectic method of discovering truth through conversatio ns with fellow citizens (Monroe, 1925). Inquiry methods owe much of their genesis to the thinking of Aristotle and others who followed this line of thinking. Strategies that call for discourse and reflection as tools for developing thinking owe much to Socrates and Plato. The Romans differed from the Greeks in their concept of education.The meaning of bearing did not intrigue them as much as developing a citizenry that could rear to society in a practical way, for building roads and aqueducts. The Romans emphasized education as the vocational training quite than as the training of the opinion for the discovery of truth. Modern vocational education and apprenticeship methods are reminiscent of the Roman court to education. As we will see, however, strategies to encourage cognitive apprenticeships combine the modeling inherent in learning by guided doing with the discourse, reflection, and inquiry that the Greeks suggested to train the approximation.When the Roman Catholic Churc h became a strong force in European day by day life (500 A. D. to 1500 A. D. ), learning took place through the church, through monasteries, and through their school system, which included the universities (12th century) the Church built throughout Europe. Knowledge was transmitted from the priest to the people (Monroe, 1925). Much learning was the memorization and recitation of scripture by rote and the learning of trades by apprenticeship. The primary conception of the purpose of education was transmission-based.Many classrooms today slide by a transmission-based conception of learning as the passing on of information from the teacher to the student, with little interest in transforming it or using it for novel purposes. The metempsychosis (15th to the 17th centuries) revived the Greek concept of liberal education, which stressed education as an exploration of the arts and humanities. Renaissance philosophers fought for freedom of thought, and thus Humanism, a study of human va lues that are not religion-based, was born.By the sixteenth century the control of the Catholic Church was organism challenged on a number of fronts, from Copernicus (1473 1543) who suggested that the sun rather than the earth was the center of the Solar System, to Martin Luther (1483 1546) who sought to secularize education (Monroe,1925). The notions of individual inquiry and discovery as bases for learning were reinforced in the Renaissance. In a sense the recurring ideological debates over education for basic skills the reproduction of facts and rudimentary skills vs. ducation for thinking the effort to understand ideas and use knowledge for broader purposes replay the chivalrous vs. Renaissance conceptions of the purposes of education. Rene Descartes (1596 1650) revived the Platonic concept of innate knowledge. Descartes believed that ideas existed within human beings prior to experience and that God was an example of an innate idea. He recognized that the body could be appreciated and studied as a zoological machine, while the heed was separate and free from the body.He was one of the first to define precisely the aptitude of the environment and the mind to influence and initiate behavior. He also described how the body could produce unintended behaviors. Descartes first description of reflex action was potent in psychology for over 300 years (Hergenhahn, 1976). While these findings supported the work of behavioral psychologists seeking to understand the genesis of behaviors, his focus on the mind also supported the work of later cognitive scientists who sought to understand the thinking process itself.John Locke (1632 1704) revived Aristotles empiricism with the concept that the childs mind is a blank tablet (tabula rasa) that gets s haped and formed by his/her own experiences. He believed the mind becomes what it experiences from the outside world. Let us suppose the mind to be, as we say, white paper, void of all characters, without any id eas How comes it to be furnished? Whence has it all the materials of reason and knowledge? from experience (Locke, quoted in Hilgard and Bower 1975).The mind gathers data through the senses and creates simple ideas from experience these simple ideas combine to develop complex ideas. Locke believed that education should structure experiences for students and that one essential learning was the kind of ensure that could be developed through the study of mathematics (Hergenhahn, 1976). The idea that different conditions provide qualitatively different mental experiences and means of training the mind undergirds the basis of the discipline-based liberal arts education.Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712 1778) was one of the first philosophers to suggest that education should be shaped to the child. He celebrated the concept of childhood and felt that children should be abandoned to develop naturally. The only habit which the child should be allowed to form is to contract no habit whatever . (Rousseau, quoted in Hilgard and Bower, 1975) In Rousseaus novel, Emile (Rousseau, 2000), the hero learns about life through his experiences in life. Complex ideas are built from simple ideas that are gathered from the world around him (Hilgard and Bower, 1975).The child-centered philosophies of Dewey, Montessori, Piaget and others follow in part from similar views. Kant (1724 1804) refined and modernise Platos rationalist theory with his suggestion that a priori knowledge was knowledge that was present before experience. For Kant, awareness of knowledge may begin with experience but knowledge existed prior to experience. Kant espoused that these ideas must be innate, and their purpose is to create an organizing structure for the data that is received by the senses.Kant was also one of the first to recognize the cognitive processes of the mind, the idea that the mind was a part of the thinking process and capable of contributing to the thoughts that it developed. This learning theory opened the door to Piaget and others who would further develop the ideas of noesis (Monroe, 1925). Edward Thorndike (1874 1949) is considered by many to be the first modern education psychologist who sought to bring a scientific approach to the study of learning. Thorndike believed that learning was incremental and that people learned through a trial and error approach.His behaviorist theories of learning did not consider that learning took place as a result of mental constructs. Instead, he described how mental connections are formed through positive responses to particular stimuli. For Thorndike, learning was based on an association between sense impressions and an momentum to action. Thorndike favored students active learning and sought to structure the environment to ensure certain stimuli that would produce learning. The father of modern behaviorism, B. F. Skinner (1904 1990), further developed Thorndikes Stimulus-Response learning theory.Skinner was responsible for developing programmed learning which was based on his stimulus response research on rats and pigeons in experiments that provided positive reinforcement for correct responses. He considered learning to be the production of desired behaviors, and denied any influence of mental processes. Programmed learning gave proper reinforcement to the student, emphasized reward over punishment, moved the student by small steps through discrete skills and allowed the student to move at their own speed. There are certain questions which have to be answered in turning to the study of any new organism.What behavior is to be set up? What reinforcers are at hand? What responses are available in embarking upon a program of progressive approximation that will lead to the final form of the behavior? How can reinforcements be most effectively scheduled to maintain the behavior in strength? These questions are all relevant in considering the problem of the child in the lower grades. Jean Piaget (1896 19 80) was the first to state that learning is a developmental cognitive process, that students create knowledge rather than receive knowledge from the teacher.He recognized that students construct knowledge based on their experiences, and that how they do so is related to their biological, sensual, and mental stage of development. Piaget spent years observing very young children and mapping out four stages of growth sensorimotor (birth to about 2 years), preoperational (roughly ages 2 7), concrete operations (encompassing about ages 7- 14) and formal operations (beginning around ages 11 15 and extending into adulthood.His work acknowledged the utility of some behaviorally-guided rote learningwhile also controversy that other activities that support students exploration are essential The Russian scientist Vygotsky (1896 1934) extended Piagets developmental theory of cognitive abilities of the individual to include the notion of social-cultural recognition that is, the idea that a ll learning occurs in a cultural context and involves social interactions. He emphasized the role that culture and language play in developing students thinking and the ways in which teachers and peers assist learners in developing new ideas and skills.Vygotsky proposed the concept of the zone of proximal development (ZPD) which suggested that students learn subjects best just beyond their range of existing experience with assistance from the teacher or another peer to bridge the distance from what they know or can do independently and what they can know or do with assistance (Schunk, 1996). John Dewey (1859 1952) agreed in part with Rousseau that education should not be separate from life itself, that education should be child-centered, guided by a welltrained teacher who is grounded in pedagogical and subject knowledge.Like Locke, he believed that structured experience matters and disciplinary modes of inquiry could allow the development of the mind, thus creating a dialectic bet ween the child and the curriculum that the teacher must manage. The teachers goal is to understand both the demands of the discipline and the needs of the child and then to provide learning experiences to enable the student to uncover the curriculum. Dewey believed that the ability of a person to learn was dependent on many things, one of which was the environment. . 0 Future trends There are many changes occurring in the twenty-first century which will influence the nature of learning and learning styles being adopted. Perhaps the most significant change is that universities are now increasingly competing with a range of non-traditional education providers. This will force higher education into a pro-active stance in understanding how students learn best, and how teaching impacts on learning. Additional contemporary changes include globalisation, modularisation, mobility of earners, distance education/elearning/flexible learning, lifelong learning, mass education, and work-based le arning. The de-institutionalisation of education, in the form of open and independent learning systems, is creating a need for learners to develop appropriate skills (Knowles, 1975, p. 14). The impact here on learners is the gradual move away from the more traditional forms of teaching and learning, where information was transmitted to the student through physical interaction between teacher and student, to more self-directed, student-centred approaches.Problem-based learning is an example of one approach to learning where the learner needs to take responsibility for his or her own learning, with the teacher now increasingly assuming the role of facilitator of student learning. The impact of engineering and the internet will continue to increase, having economic and social implications for society. For instance people can now work from home if they have immediate access to a computer. This may facilitate the increase of distance-learning courses as students no longer have to attend a physical campus to gain qualifications.Increasing modularisation enables many students to learn at their own pace, in their own time. CONCLUSION The Philosophy of education has been shaped over centuries with certain philosophers and their thoughts directly affecting it. A good example is Plato and hiseducational philosophical systemthat was christened Republic. He argues that the society would be holistic if children at a tender age would be raised with a system of education that natures their intellectual capabilities with facts, physical discipline, music, art and skills.The same principles can be applied to an individual institution. This can be defined as a collective approach informed by educational doctrineto aid in teaching in a way that the objective of imparting knowledge is achieved within a reasonable time. This school of thought of education is subject to review and modification, total over haul or improvements depending on whether the constant evaluation shows whet her the goals set have been achieved or not. The drastic advances in technology have also affected the educational philosophy.The world is moving towards the web 2. 0, where technological interaction between learners and teachers is emphasized. Another factor that informs education philosophy is the fact that the world is changing its educational strategies. At one point in history, education was a transit of knowledge from the tutor to student. With nationals encouraging innovations and research in various fields, students are encouraged to discover, be inquisitive and get to learn through active experiments and research.This is a way that has revolutionized the way education polity makers and other stakeholders define philosophy of education. The relevancy of a givenphilosophy of educationtherefore, is determined by the educational needs of a given society. REFERENCES 1- Level3, reveal 2, June 2004, Dublin Institute of Technology, Learning Theories and Higher Education Frank Ash worth, Gabriel Brennan, Kathy Egan, Ron Hamilton, Olalla Saenz 2- Critique of Various Philosophies and Theories of Education Ted Slater, Philosophy of Education / Dr.William Cox / Regent University. 3- 2007, Pearson Education, Inc. H. Douglas Brown. -5th Edition Principles of diction Learning and Teaching. 4- Kurzweil, R. (1996) The Age of intelligent machines Chronology. Retrieved September 18, 2012 from http//www. kurzweiltech. com/mchron. htm. 5- 2001, Stanford University, Developed by Linda-Darling Hammond, Kim Austin, Suzanne Orcutt, and Jim Rosso How People Learn Introduction To Learning Theories.

Albert Einstein Book Review

Albert brilliance remains one of the 20th Centurys well-nigh enigmatic yet popular figures. His noble-minded concepts are more than most adults can handle, yet his popularity seems to rise with each passing year. His continuing importance to the world of physics is staggering given the new-fashioned advancements in the world of quantum physics. Yet Einstein the man is a much a different person than Einstein the scientist. It is Einstein the man that we see here, in this wonderful book by Maree Ferguson Delano.Delano, who also wroteThe Photogbiography of Thomas Alva Edison, returns to the photobiography format here as well, and its a good thing because Einstein is difficult enough to brook as it is. Photo after photo shows Einstein as a definitely human scientist, one who cared deeply for his family and who wanted desperately to have a real job. Einstein lived in Germany during the rise of the Nazis. The threat to his safety is very real, and it is partly because of the horrors that he sees growing up that he helps the Allies on the passageway to building the atomic bomb.He once wrote Organized power can be opposed only by organized power. Much as I regreat this, there is no other way. The author does an excellent job of capturing the essence of the scientist and his momentous discoveries. (But the reader wont be able to get a complete picture of Einstein without a little further reading on his achievements. Delano tries mightily to distill the brilliance of Einstein into younger-reader-friendly terms, but it is a daunting task that escapes even the most brilliant of writers. His genius cannot be denied, however, and the author does a good job of displaying it for all to see. Einsteins theories of relativity and spacetime are amazing, especially considering that he was a terrible student, one whom one of his teachers predicted would never amount to anything. That he conceived these monumental ideas with nothing more than pencil and paper and his own im agination is breathtakingly amazing. One theme that emerges from this discussion of Einsteins emotional state is how much he liked children. He felt that he never really grew up.He preferred the simple lives of children, who, in good times, didnt have to worry well-nigh many things that their parents did, like food, clothing, and shelter. In his later years, he received thousands of letters every year. Many of those letters were from children, and he took great pleasure in responding to them. In doing so, as he did throughout his life, he didnt talk down to children or force them to be adults to understand what he was saying. Rather, he became a child again, cerebration in their terms and enjoying their lives, which were simpler than adults.The photos, provided as always by the excellent library of the National Geographic, are excellent in illustrating the life of a man who need no introduction. The requisite timeline at the back of the book is a help as well, allowing the reader to put into perspective the events of Einsteins life. The Afterword is especially helpful, taking a construe at how Einstein dominates public life even today, exactly 100 years after he announced his first theory of relativity. This book is recommended for old(a) readers or for youngsters who have a basic understanding of physics.Some of the concepts are high-minded, and they have to be this is not a bad thing. The author deals with the subject matter as ably as possible. The human story of Einsteinas father, husband, devoted son, friend to childrenshines through as well and can be understood by readers of all ages. Adults, too, will get a more rounded picture of the great scientist by reading this book, which, like its subject, doesnt talk down to anybody, instead displace its complex subject matter into terms that can be understood.

Terror and Violence in Nazi Germany from 1933-34

How far did the Nazi regime rely on terror and ferocity to consolidate its match on world power from 1933-34? Although most of the Nazi regimes policies and actions were court-ordered, the presence of terror and violence towards it opposition and citizens was most likely the key to the Nazis staying in power. With the aid of the SS and SA, the Nazis were adequate to stage coercive elections only allowing us to suggest unreliable results when it comes to answering this question.Hitler was appointed as chancellor on January thirtieth 1933. On the 27th of February 1933, the Reichstag building broke out into flames, four weeks after Hitler had assumed office of chancellor and weeks before his government had urged President Hindenburg to dissolve the Reichstag. The Nazis were able to convince the general humans that this was acts of terrorism by communists. This meant at long last the Nazis could get rid of the KPD and all other political parties, whether they posed a threat or not.T he Reichstag fire lead to the emergency decree which seized several rights of the German people such as freedom of opinion, personal freedom, freedom of the abbreviate and the freedom to organise and assemble. It also meant the German officials could detain whoever they wanted without a warrant. Three weeks after the emergency decree was announced, the Enabling Act (March 27th 1933) was passed. This gave Hitler the power to pass laws without the interference of the Reichstag or Reichsrat.As Hindenburg was aging he took less interest in day-to-day government activities, hence why he signed the alter act as it effectively removed Presidential oversight. With the enabling act and the emergency decree both active, Hitlers government was transformed into a legal dictatorship, allowing the Nazis to do whatever they wanted, further they wanted. The Nazis also controlled the media through propaganda minister, Dr Joseph Goebbels. On the 13th of March 1933, he was appointed head of the Rei ch ministry which was in charge of all media and public entertainment.On the night of book burning in Berlin, Goebbels condemned all books by Jews, liberals, leftists, pacifists, foreigners, and others as un-German. This lead to Nazi supporters in the educational sector, both students and professors, to burn these un-German books in assay to cleanse German spirits. With the Enabling Act still active Hitler was able to pass a series of laws called the Gleichstaltung laws. Gleichstaltung means coordination or bringing into line. These laws were primed(p) down to ensure a totalitarian state without any possibleobjection or opposition. They were also put into place to standardize Nazi-German lifetimestyle. All anti-Nazis were purged from civil service and schools. Gleichstaltung however also consisted of several organisations which were made compulsory. All these compulsory groups set up by the Nazis prepared the chosen gender or age group for life during the war. The Gleichstaltung laws allowed the Nazis to commence The Night of the Long Knives, within legal jurisdiction. The Night of the Long Knives was the termination or arrest of opposition to Nazis.Majority of the victims were prominent members and leaders of the SA such as Ernst Rohm and Kurt von Schleicher. Due to unemployment of up to six million, the SA had grown massively and were looking a lot less controllable to Hitler. At one point, the SA were Hitlers personal army, great tension grew between Hitler and Rohm as they both had a difference of opinion. Another reason the SA was eliminated was due to homosexuality that was rumoured to be present in the group. This clashed with core Nazi ideology and it simply could not be overlooked by the Nazis.President Hindenburg died on the second of August 1934, this lead to Hitler combing the roles of both chair and chancellor into one, known as the Fuhrer, giving him complete power over Germany. In evaluation, majority of Hitlers rise to power was legal and even his acts of violence and terror were legal due to the Reichstag decree being active as well as the enabling act. Even with great election results, we cannot determine whether they were sure or not due to coercive elections. Therefore it seems most of his rise to power relied on the acts of terror and violence.

Event Facilities and Management

There are no sporting sheaths that rival the scale and indite of the Olympic Games (Faulner, Spurr, Chalip, Brown 2000). Its substantial impact on economic and social aspects of topic and international levels, international event tourism, marketing strategies, provides plenty of points for study and insight. Moreover, formally the Games of the XXIX Olympiad, the 2008 capital of Red China Summer Olympics is primarily a major international multi-sport event, which required plenty of technical, marketing, and event planning.Hosted by the Peoples Republic of China however, the sporting event was also or perhaps translated into, a national economic strategy and was subject into an international political debate and public scrutiny. Clamor against the games were rampant and widespread, mingled political issues hounded event organizers and sponsors. Nonetheless, the Games were participated by 11,208 athletes from 205 countries in 302 athletic events. Interest of the PRC to host Olympics is quite clear. Aside from the new jobs that could be created in the tourism industry, global publicity of the Games will change the way the rest of the world views China.Thus, the Beijing Olympics is a good case study for large events that requires vast logistical centering and planning, and present prospects for future State-sponsorship of large special events. Costs of the Games fell largely on Government funds, on the grounds of tourism benefits. To justify spending of the national purse and to thwart cynicism among the public is relevant in pursuing State-sponsored special events (Burgan, Mules, 2000). Evaluating on the benefits of a special event is relevant not only for duty reasons but to guide future public fund spending as well as the feasibility of sponsoring mega-events.This paper will provide some insights and analyses on the impacts of the Beijing Olympics, and marketing strategies utilized. Long-term economic impacts of the Games in China are not yet evident. Alt hough some sectors may train benefited from a momentary inf lowly of tourists, hard industries suffered losses receivable to factory closures to ease air pollution. Social impacts however, tell two sides. While national pride rode high upon the ability of the Chinese economy and technology, there are sectors who suffered from the feat.Mass dislocations and disruption of everyday lives also took toll on the national mood. Internationally, China proved itself as an economic giant, despite blackball propaganda and calls to boycott the Games. Marketing for the event is another interesting aspect of the event. Done amid considerable negative publicity, political turmoil, the global financial crisis, and inexperience of the Chinese judicature in international marketing, marketing for the games fared well. An effective marketing strategy or fortunate circumstances may have contributed to its achievement.With increasing frequency, hosting of international events has been used as a plat form for States to bolster economic and development activities (Burgan, Mules, 2000). The potential for national development, media attention, tourism, community involvement and national pride, the Olympic Games calls for a systematic research and analysis. Impacts To jolly analyze and gauge the impacts of the Beijing Olympics, assessment will include economic and non-economic values of the event covering preparations, actual outcomes, and potential benefits.The costs of the event is estimated to have reached an astounding $40 billionexceeding the elaborate 2004 Athens Olympics by $25 billionwith costs lying heavily on investments on radical and improvements on transport systems to keep up with the expected influx of spectators and tourists. Event organizers renovated and constructed 37 Games venues and 66 training centers, the largest of which are the Beijing bailiwick Stadium, Beijing National Indoor Stadium, Beijing National Aquatics Center, Olympic Green Convention Center, and the Beijing Wukesong Culture and Sports Center.Expenditure on the Beijing Olympics depended largely on government spending government-owned banks, local government, and institutions funded more than half of total costs. Subject to criticisms by locals and economists around the globe, Chinas willingness to spend public money seemed to be fueled by its determination to prove itself among the most important nations. However, it could be argued that there are also substantial cultural returns and international exposure benefits of hosting the Games.The targets being inflow of consumers outdoors China, producer surplus could be a more appropriate and descriptive measure to determine success. Producer surplus is derived from the increase in production levels due to a special event, which are assumed to be taken from the opportunity cost of producers (Burgan, Mules 2000). In this case, influx of outside tourism should be placed in high priority. The Games were set to accommodate 2 millio n touristsfrom this number, 500,000 were projected to come from overseas.However, turnout during the Games were below expectations. Hotel occupancy was only at 70% in 5-stars and below 50% in 4-stars, surprisingly even lesser than hotel occupancy at 2007 of the same month. Despite these numbers, the organizers insisted that the 6. 8 million tickets printed were sold out. This could be explained, speculatively, at the low number of foreign tourists the heightened security, negative propaganda, and strict visa acquisition could all factor in the failure to attract foreigner spending.Considering the amount of money, planning, and logistical requirements of the Beijing Olympics, event tourism through the Beijing Olympics did not meet its ? 8 billion profit from actual event. Nevertheless, impact of an event does not bank wholly on fiscal benefits in a cost-benefit evaluation (Dwyer, Mellor, Mistillies, Mules 2000). Other non-tangible benefits are also taken into account.

True Love

English 200 Poetry Explication original Love by Wislawa Szymborska This paper is an es give voice is an analysis of Wislawa Szymborskas rime True Love. When I first read the rime, I was struck by its sheer simplicity and nickion at what Szymborska feels that it means for cardinal lot to be in manage. However upon further contemplation, I see how she uses the lovers to represent change in an otherwise boring and regimented world where whole(a) actions must be taken for the betterment and advancement of the state. True Love is a powerful piece that is told through the soulfulnessa of an anonymous authoritarian bureaucrat who inquirys the value of love when comp atomic number 18d to the necessitate of the state. True Love was written at a time when Soviet control was strangling the Eastern Bloc countries, particularly Poland. In this situation, citizens were expected to charge their lives to the advancement of the State somebodyal postulate were secondary. In light of this situation, Szymborska forces the reader to examine the poem on a number of levels including the socio/political level and also at the base level of two people brought to prep arher as 1.I will discuss how Szymborska, very cleverly, uses the lovers to illustrate how individuals end make act change from deep down a system when they be passionate ab issue their beliefs. I will also discuss that love, the most primal of mans needs, mess be so complex in its simplicity that it can overwhelm and f chastenen those who mis belowstand it. The first stanza of the poem consists of four lines True love. Is it normal, is it serious, is it practical? What does the world lead off from two people Who exist is a world of their own? (lines 1-4)Szymborska begins by asking questions about love however, is she actually asking about love or is she questioning whether it is practical for a society to acknowledge love? As an emotional pitying being, unity would be suitable to purpose thes e questions in the approbative that, yes, love is normal and serious and practical. When people are in love, they are happy and probably more than productive because of their ordainment to the other mortal. However, when one looks at these first four lines with the jaded eye of, say, an authoritative, repressive bureaucrat then, perhaps, love serves no purpose but to explicate in the counseling of serving the state.This person might answer these same questions by construction that, though love might be normal and serious, it is not practical because how can one institutionalise his/her life to society if they are more cin one caserned about the person that they love? To this person, the world (state) would get nothing from two people who exist is a world of their own so this should not be allowed to hazard. In lines 5 13, Szymborska uses the persona of the bureaucrat to begin casting dispersions and snide comments about the audacity that two people would support to dare regrets in love. Placed on the same pedestal for no good reason, rawn randomly from millions, but convinced it had to happen this way in reward for what? For nothing. (lines 5-8) In these lines, the reader begins to understand that he is now hearing the vowel system of the faceless bureaucrat whose soul interest is the betterment of the state. Or, perhaps, we are hearing the words of someone who has suffered through bad relationships in the past. I believe it to be the former. Szymborska wrote this poem in 1972 in a Poland that had been under the authoritarian rule of the Soviet Union since 1945. In the six years before the Soviets, Poland was ruled by the occupational forces of the Nazi Third Reich.I am convinced that the persona that we are hearing is the voice of an authoritarian government representative a cold, uncaring Orwellian persona. This is the section of the poem where the jaded voice of the person rings through loud and clear when he states it had to happen this w ay in reward for what? For nothing. (line 7-8) Of course, the person in love would disagree vehemently with this for their reward is garnered each time they look into the eyes or feel the touch of the one they love that is part of the reward, the reciprocal love shared in the midst of two lovers.They would answer yes, it did happen this way and here is my (our) reward. The persona continues his lament when he states The light descends from nowhere. Why on these two and not on others? Doesnt this outrage hardlyice? Yes it does. Doesnt it decompose our painstakingly erected principles, and cast the moral from the peak? Yes on both accounts. (lines 10-13) In these lines, not only does the persona question the value of two people being in love but he also questions the existence of a higher power (God) The light descends from nowhere.And why on these two and not others? (lines 10-11) The persona refuses to believe God or doctrine could play a role in determining who falls in l ove or why love happens but, then wonders why these two people charter been chosen to be with each other. Seemingly taken aback for a moment, the persona then falls back into his numbing, bureaucratic role when he asks the questions, and then answers his own questions, in the affirmative, about how love how love would disrupt the painstakingly erected principles and would the moral be cast from the peaks.The persona typifies the cold, uncaring demagogues who reveled in the Soviet occupation of Eastern European countries, neer questioning those in power and ensuring that all rules were followed. Look at the happy couple. Couldnt they at least try to hide it, fake a inadequate depression for their friends sake try to them laughing its an insult. (lines 14-18) With these lines, the persona is now drawing attention to the lovers, trying to castigate them and make the other citizens, presumably those who experience no love in their lives, hate the lovers as much as he does.The pers onas hate, though, does not stem from a authentic(p) dislike but from attention idolise that if more people began to feel love then they would not be so be suiten to the state and the power of the state would be diminished. The persona states that the lovers laughter is an insult, though to whom is the insult directed? It is an insult to the state because, through all of the dreariness that is their life, the lovers have found something that the state cannot control (their love for each other) and they appetency that.Their laughing is not an insult quite the contrary, they are laughing because in their world they are one and that makes their world an idyllic place. The third stanza ends with the line And their little celebrations, rituals, the elaborate mutual routines its obviously a plot behind the human races back (lines 19 21) To any regime, the ultimate fear is that they lose control of the citizenry the cogs in an unemotional machine. When the persona cannot explain (or evaluate) how love can occur, the only logical answer is that it must be a plot against the state (the human race. Why else would these disrespectful citizens waste their energy on each other rather than towards the advancement of the state? Stanza four finds the poems persona beginning to panic as he wonders what would happen if, God forbid, more citizens begin to follow the lovers example and experience love for themselves Its hard to as yet guess how far things might go if people start to follow their example. What could religion and poetry count on? What would be remembered? What renounced? Whod postulate to stay within bounds? (lines 22-26) Historically, oppressive regimes have worked hard to strictly limit what people can read, see, hear or say.This repression of free expression, it was (is) thought, helped to defy the people in line. The government begins to take on the role of a strict parent, ensuring that their naive child remains ignorant of what takes place outs ide their legal residence (borders. ) However, how can that same government oppress a population that is aware of basic human make ups? Therein lays the rhetorical question how ya gonna keep em down on the farm? (after theyve seen paree. ) The persona is pondering this very question and fearing the worst possible outcome that a bureaucrat could imagine Whod take to stay within the bounds? (line 26) The fear of seeing two people in love, walking out of step from the rest of the automaton-like population, has pushed the state (our persona) to a point of hysteria. Rather than accept that love happens, that people are unique as individuals, the persona continues to present reason to reject love True love. Is it really necessary? Tact and unwashed sense give tongue to us to pass over it in silence, like a scandal in Lifes highest circles. It couldnt populate the planet in a million years, it comes along so rarely. (lines 27-32)Once again, the persona, having pondered the worst tha t can happen, deflects from acceptance of love and, instead, questions its relevance in a big-brother type society. . . . pass over it in silence, like a scandal. . . (line 28), or Perfectly good children are born without its help. (line 29) direct the good citizens that love is an aberration. If they should ever encounter it (God forbid) they should hold their nose and walk past because it is no better than a scandal that would tear at the very fibre of the society that is looking after their needs.In incident, love is not ever required for the creation of perfectly good children. They state is the ultimate provider who will take care of all your needs from cradle to grave. Yes, to the poems persona, everything is for the advancement of the state regular if that means the dehumanization of the states citizens. The poem ends with three chilling lines Let the people who never find true love keep saying there is no such thing. Their faith will make it easier for them to live and d ie. (lines 33-35) According to the persona, ignorance is bliss.By continuing to march along to the states cadence, the faithful will have easy lives and nice, quiet, easy deaths. However, it is never easy for a thinking, rational human to simply go through the motions each twenty-four hours living a meaningless life, existing only for the betterment of a faceless, emotionless entity just other cog in the great machine. Will it have been worth it? For those who never knew that love existed, or chose to ignore loves existence, then their lives would have been no different than those of a school of fish simply going along to get along.For those who have experienced love and passion then their lives would have been lived to the fullest and their deaths mourned and keep by those whose lives they had stirred with love. The true love mentioned in this poem is represents two principles the first is the love that is found mingled with two people and how, through that love, they can ove rcome obstacles in their lives. The power of faith and love can be powerful assets when two people are walking a path unneurotic through life. The second principle is that of social accountability that should be the responsibility of every compassionate and free thinking person.The era in which Szymborska wrote this powerful poem is testament to the poems social meaning. Soviet oppression was the norm and the Big Brother mentality among both bureaucrats and citizens alike encouraged both grade to the rules and divulging the identities of those who would not conform. Szymborskas poem forces the reader to identify which group he/she belonged(s) to and how their lives are affected by that decision. Works Cited Schlib, John and John Clifford, eds. Making literature Matter An Anthology for Readers and Writers. 4th ed. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2009. Print.True LoveAlex True Love This is something that divides us as humans, with quite a lot of gray area in the middle. You will find p eople that swear to the truth of this and others that try to finally prove it false. Right now I see myself in the grey area, questioning. Does true love exist? Is it possible for everyone? I am not sure even what this is seeing as I have yet to be in love. I have often asked myself if there was a one true love for me and if someone somewhere was pulling the strings just right so that I would meet them or not. In recent years the split up rate in America has gone up.Some say this is because women have become more independent and no longer feel the need to stay with a man in order to survive. I think that Americans have unconnected faith in an Ancient belief, true love. Or maybe the problem is that we are searching for something that doesnt exist. Can true love scientifically be proven? Is there something in our body that tells us when we are in love? If we could find a way to prove that true love exists can we tell when two people are really in love? Do we really want to know? If someone that we love dies can we get get married again?Love PoemCan there be more than one person in your life that you have loved, love, or will love? I want to look into why this is different for everyone. I expect to find what makes us believe in something when most of us can say we have never experienced it. How did this belief come about? Is it possible to fall in love no bailiwick the appearance, gender, or race? I know we all have our prejudices but perhaps true love is the bridge over these barriers. Polygamists treat their wives like property but still say they love them. If you real love someone how should you treat them?I think that scientific research will show that love does exist and that you can fall in love multiple times in a life. Fate is something that cant really be proven. I also am hoping to find how the idea of a true love came about. I dont think that an interview will help much because it varies so much from person to person. What I want to accomplish is to focus on three main points for my paper. First, can true love be scientifically proven? I also want to go into how it has proved the existence of love? (I believe they have)Second, why do we believe in true love in the first place?Third, has America lost sight of the idea of true love or are we focusing on it too much? There is a lot more I could go into but these are my main three. To begin, I first need to establish what true love is. While I am trying to figure out if this proposed phenomenon actually exists, for this section I will assume that it does. This basis will allow for proof or disproof. Getting everyone to agree on one definition is impossible, so I hope to highlight a couple. First, I wanted to find an article on the Christian view of how to find true love.Since most of the population in America is made up of Christians, I felt that it was important that this view was included. It begins with the famous verse from Corinthians, Love is patient, love is cast This is a view that many people hold dear to their cheeks. This article is more of a guide for Christians on how to find true love and tells that in order to find true love that we need to do three things. First, the article says to read the bible and find what to look for in love. Next, honesty is require with ourselves and the one we love. Finally, to be ready to commit for a lifetime and understand what this commitment means.The view of this article is that love lasts perpetually and that unless you are looking for the right qualities that you wont ever find it. While this is only one opinion, it is quite standard. The next definition needed comes from the opposite direction, science. This article from CNN states that researchers from Stony let University have proved the existence of lasting love. Their research focused on new lovers and couples that have been together for around 20 years. They analyzed the chemical reactions when the person was shown a picture of their loved one.Ol d research had found that the chemical reaction in new lovers fade within 15 months and is gone after 10 years. Somehow, these scientists managed to find a few couples that defied these statistics. 0 percent of the couples that had been together for twice the amount of time that their love was supposed to fade by had reactions the same as a new couple. This definition of true love is based on time and fact but it is just as real as an unfathomable definition. This next source is called 7 Myths of Happily Ever After by Blair Justice. This is an article about how Americans view perfect relationships (incorrectly).Instead of looking at a definition, this looks at common misconceptions. The first is about how all people look for that person to live happily ever after with. It states that we all are searching for that controlling love, futilely. We shouldnt have that unconditional love between us and our accessory in order to have that perfect relationship. Then, that when there is t rue love between two people that they should not have to tell the other what they want. Third we search for someone with the same problems that we have and that will make both of our problems disappear.Maybe he/she will even understand and that will be enough. Fourth, dont go to bed angry. An unhealthy relationship would be if you never slept away from your partner after an argument. As long as you are not running away and can try and put the raise up of the argument behind you. Fifth, we never talk. We actually talk a lot but we need to learn how to communicate better. Sixth, he will change after we are married. We need to get rid of the illusion of changing our partner later. This entire article tells pretty much what Americans view as true love.The question that is brought up by all these wrong beliefs is, if we change how we think about love can we find it? What the focus needs to shift to is recognizing this love. When you fall in love you head in full force. You devote all of your attention to that one person and nothing else. The passion and heat takes over. This is not true love, though. True love is the kind that lasts this heat we all feel in the beginning of a relationship will always fade. If there were a device to prolong this feeling, it would be coveted by all. How do we act when we are truly in love?In this article from Christian Answers gives a propensity on how to know when you are in love. The first step to having a true relationship is establishing that what you have is exclusive. By telling your partner that you want to be with them and only them shows that you are ready to commit fully. Next you say that this is the best relationship that you have had. It is like starting a new chapter in your life where you can only go forward. Then, once you are past the lets go anywhere stage and the stage where you stand up for yourself, this article says that you can accept the other persons interests to allude in them sometimes as well.The articl e says that you must accept the other persons beliefs enough to not oppose them. You also have to just be able to enjoy the other persons company enough that doing nothing together is like a break from the rest of the world, even though you are with him/her. Lastly, it lists that you have to show that you are comfortable being yourself in front of them. Overall I believe that this is a good list of how to recognize true love. There are many people loosing the sight of true love and this can be represented by the amount of divorces in the United States. When two people get married, most say that they will be married forever.Some hold on to the view of happily ever after, eyepatch others are more realistic about their life after marriage. One thing that we have to accept is the ending of marriage. While many people say that 50% of all marriages in America end in goodbye, this is not entirely correct, this article states. The facts do show that if the current trend continues that we m ay even surpass this number. We loose sight of the hope for true love for many reasons. The main reason in this short article is childlessness. The absence of children leads to loneliness and weariness This last article is called True Love?Forget it This article argues that true love does not exist. The author, Lynn Truss, says that we often use the non-existence of a perfect partner as an excuse to not find love at all. If someone was just looking for the right person they might pass up on several(prenominal) people that might not be perfect, but are perfect for them. The definition of love is given as what you do with what youve got. We often have kafkaesque views of love and this is because of two things. First, love is deeply placed in human nature and we see love as something we find. Actually, he states, love is something we create, an achievement.So this article is saying that we make up true love to fill a void in our life that everyone has. Love is something we make not something we just bump into. To chip this last topic around I would like to highlight a girl that never gave up on love, even if it hurt. Nancy Rue says in her book, grapple with Dating Violence that abuse happens in many ways. Sometimes the guy doesnt want to lose the girl and sometimes he has anger issues. What I was interested in was why women tend to stay with these men when they arent treating them right. This book states that women often blame themselves for the abuse.What I am interested in is the fact that some stay because, in the beginning, it was perfect and they were so in love. Was this true love that just went wrong or a facade from the beginning? When girls fall in love with this boy they are really falling in love with him, she states. When a girl is being abused by the mental unhealthiness that the boy has. During this process I learned a lot, but not as much as I wanted to. Next year I will have to write a ton of papers. While this project was interesting, I don t see it preparing me for the future. I already know how to research, so hat was one of the easiest parts. The main thing that I learned from this project was MLA format. I have worked with many kinds of formats before so it was good to be able to focus on just this one. What I really liked about what I did was the quality of research although I wish that I had the time to get more. I also make summaries daily for other classes which made it easier to do the summaries in here. One thing that I really need to work on is my citations. Most of the times they need a little bit of tweaking, in order to be fully correct, there arent too many problems.What I learned in both this area and in MLA format will most authenticly help me in later projects. During this particular project I liked it simply because it was different. It is not like the typical high school paper. One thing it could have benefited from was a little less structure. We were able to sever out our own topic which was nic e but turning in our summaries every due date was a little confining. I believe that more freedom would have also been more responsibility, so I understand the structure somewhat. I began this paper with an idea. Actually, I had many ideas but my main one was my favorite.This idea has become a growing question in my own life. Does true love exist? Some people believe they can answer this question with a yes or no. This is not the answer that I want. I want a reason, explanation, but most of all information. Im not researching that feeling you get when you see that cute guy a couple rows over in class smiling at you. I am looking at actual, forever love. I was hungry for information and began searching from many different angles. I found scientific evidence and put it right along side the religious. I read stories about terrible abuse and tales of enchanting love.The scientific evidence claimed its existence, if rare. Just by looking at divorce rates in America shows how wrong we can be about love. These are some of my favorite sources. My absolute favorite has to go to the book I read. This story speaks to me in a way that none of the articles could. One of the stories from this book tells of a girl that fought so hard for love, she almost died. The desperation that she feels is what makes this the best in my eyes. After all of this time I think I can finally say that I have an answer that makes sense to me.True love is out there for everyone somewhere. It is just up to you to find it and hold on tight. There will never be a world where everyone will find this nexus but the first step is knowing what to look for. At the very least, you should know what to stay away from. This conclusion has helped me with my own life, even if it never helps another(prenominal) person. I wish that I could not change my question but instead write a follow up piece. If I could it would be on the history of love, how it has evolved. That topic intrigues me but the one I wrote thi s paper on was just right for me.True LoveEvery moment we spent togetherHas touched our lives, our souls foreverThe things that we shared and learnedIs immutable growth that weve earned. The person that I have grown into todayDid not get there by chance, no wayI am who I am partly because of youAnd you are YOU because of me, tooThe changes I seeand what I have learned about meare a response to how we affected our livesand what we discover in each others eyes. It is uncertain if we have to part or one day live together Either way, we have touched our lives forever No occasion what the future will showNo matter what we are told.We are connected on such a deep levelsThat no one can remove that, not even the devil. Our feelings might be different a year from nowBut you are part of me forever somehowA part of me will always be you and a part of you will always be me. no matter what happens ,that much is certain our souls are one until life closes the curtain. I will love your foreverFo r worse or for betterYou are tattooed in my heart And nothing can tear our souls apart. beginning Forever Connected, True Love Poem http//www. familyfriendpoems. com/poem/forever-connectedixzz2RErIYwFpwww. FamilyFriendPoems. om Every moment we spent togetherHas touched our lives, our souls foreverThe things that we shared and learnedIs permanent growth that weve earned. The person that I have grown into todayDid not get there by chance, no wayI am who I am partly because of youAnd you are YOU because of me, tooThe changes I seeand what I have learned about meare a response to how we affected our livesand what we discover in each others eyes. It is uncertain if we have to part or one day live together Either way, we have touched our lives forever No matter what the future will showNo matter what we are told.We are connected on such a deep levelsThat no one can remove that, not even the devil. Our feelings might be different a year from nowBut you are part of me forever somehowA part of me will always be you and a part of you will always be me. no matter what happens ,that much is certain our souls are one until life closes the curtain. I will love your foreverFor worse or for betterYou are tattooed in my heart And nothing can tear our souls apart. Source Forever Connected, True Love Poem http//www. familyfriendpoems. com/poem/forever-connectedixzz2RErIYwFpwww. FamilyFriendPoems. om Every moment we spent togetherHas touched our lives, our souls foreverThe things that we shared and learnedIs permanent growth that weve earned. The person that I have grown into todayDid not get there by chance, no wayI am who I am partly because of youAnd you are YOU because of me, tooThe changes I seeand what I have learned about meare a response to how we affected our livesand what we discover in each others eyes. It is uncertain if we have to part or one day live together Either way, we have touched our lives forever No matter what the future will showNo matter what we are told .We are connected on such a deep levelsThat no one can remove that, not even the devil. Our feelings might be different a year from nowBut you are part of me forever somehowA part of me will always be you and a part of you will always be me. no matter what happens ,that much is certain our souls are one until life closes the curtain. I will love your foreverFor worse or for betterYou are tattooed in my heart And nothing can tear our souls apart. Source Forever Connected, True Love Poem http//www. familyfriendpoems. com/poem/forever-connectedixzz2RErIYwFpwww. FamilyFriendPoems. com True loveMy first true love was Zachery Kyle Sutterfield I remember the day we met When I first met you, I felt like I had known you forever Both shy, but wanted to talk. Every moment we have spent together Has touched our lives and souls forever The things that we share and learn Is permanent growth that we earn. The person that I have grown into today Did not get there by chance, no way I am who I am par tly because of you You are YOU because of me, too. The changes I see What I have learned about me A response to how we have affected out lives What we discover in each other eyes. We are connected on a such a deep level

Greek religion and mythology Essay

In Greek religion and mythology, Pan (Ancient Greek , Pn) is the god of the wild, shepherds and flocks, nature of mountain wilds, hunting and rustic music, and familiar of the nymphs.1 His name originates within the Ancient Greek language, from the word paein (), meaning to stray.2 He has the hindquarters, legs, and horns of a goat, in the same manner as a faun or satyr.With his mother country in rustic Arcadia, he is recognized as the god of fields, groves, and wooded glens because of this, Pan is connected to fertility and the season of spring. The ancient Greeks to a fault considered Pan to be the god of theatrical criticism.3 In Roman religion and myth, Pans counterpart was Faunus, a nature god who was the father of Bona Dea, sometimes identified as Fauna. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Pan became a significant figure in the Romantic movement of western Europe, and also in the 20th-century Neopagan movement.4OriginsIn his early appearance in literature, Pindars Pythian Ode i ii. 78, Pan is associated with a mother goddess, perhaps Rhea or Cybele Pindar refers to virgins worshipping Cybele and Pan near the poets house in Boeotia.5 The neckcloth of Pan is unclear6 in some myths he is the son of Zeus, though generally he is the son of Hermes or Dionysus, with whom his mother is said to be a nymph, sometimes Dryope or, in Nonnus, Dionysiaca (14.92), Penelope of Mantineia in Arcadia. This nymph at some point in the tradition became conflated with Penelope, the wife of Odysseus. Pausanias 8.12.5 records the story that Penelope had in particular been unfaithful to her husband, who banished her to Mantineia upon his return.Other sources (Duris of Samos the Vergilian commentator Servius) report that Penelope slept with all 108 suitors in Odysseus absence, and gave birth to Pan as a result.7 This myth reflects the folk etymology that equates Pans name () with the Greek word for all ().8 It is more likely to be cognate with paein, to pasture, and to share an ori gin with the modern English word pasture. In 1924, Hermann Collitz suggested that Greek Pan and Indic Pushan efficiency have a common Indo-European origin.9 In the Mystery cults of the highly syncretic Hellenistic era10 Pan is make cognate with Phanes/Protogonos, Zeus, Dionysus and Eros.11 The Roman Faunus, a god of Indo-European origin, was equated with Pan.However, accounts of Pans genealogy are so varied that it must lie buried mystifying in mythic time. Like other nature spirits, Pan appears to be older than the Olympians, if it is true that he gave Artemis her hunting dogs and taught the secret of prophecy to Apollo. Pan might be multiplied as the Panes (Burkert 1985, III.3.2 Ruck and Staples 1994 p 13212) or the Paniskoi. Kerenyi (p. 174) notes from scholia that Aeschylus in Rhesus distinguished between two Pans, one the son of Zeus and collimate of Arcas, and one a son of Cronus. In the retinue of Dionysos, or in depictions of wild landscapes, there appeared not only a gre at Pan, but also little Pans, Paniskoi, who played the same part as the Satyrs.

Bill Gates Essay

When I was young, math and science were the easiest subjects for me and I read all the time. In my house, weeknight TV was non allowed but reading, board games, card games and puzzles went on for hours. In sixth grade, I did a project as a young inventor and entrepreneur who construct and marketed a new project. I wrote my first computer program when I was 13 years old.To me the computer was a constant challenge to be get the hang I was HOOKED I noticed In spirited school that PCs id not exist and businesses and unlettered used computers that were bigger then refrigerators. After high school, I went to Harvard University and that Is where I really started to bear on up with the latest developments In computer technology. I dreamed that by creating a PC, business and school tasks would be so much easier. I wanted to solve peoples bothday problems and make money In the process.So I took a leave of absence seizure from Harvard university to start a software program company In 19 77 and Paul Allen and I formed Microsoft In New Mexico. I also created the term Intellectual property to protect software programs with copyrights. My goal was to put a computer on every desk and in every home In 1978, Microsoft moved to Bellevue, Washington. After my partner left, I concentrate on individual computer users and our international sales force. Microsoft grew dramatically.Microsoft Windows was created in 1985 and we sold $140 million in products that year. I was working 16 hour years and busy with work until 1 993 when I finally proposed to Melinda French, one of my product managers at Microsoft. Over the last ten years, I have donated millions of dollars to charities focused in the education, health, art and cancer areas. I have also made ere to donate to computer centers at schools, colleges and universities throughout the united States.I am the proud dad of a daughter and a son and even though my work and house has a lot of technology, if you really want to do so mething good for children the most grievous thing I can tell you is to read, read, read. Bill Gates Essay By Jake-Lang constant challenge to be mastered I was HOOKED I noticed in high school that PCs did not exist and businesses and universities used computers that were bigger then refrigerators. After high school, I went to Harvard University and that is where I really darted to keep up with the latest developments in computer technology.I dreamed solve peoples everyday problems and make money in the process. So I took a leave of absence from Harvard University to start a software company in 1977 and Paul Allen and I formed Microsoft in New Mexico. I also created the term intellectual property every desk and in every home In 1978, Microsoft moved to Bellevue, Washington. Work until 1993 when I finally proposed to Melinda French, one of my product the United States. I am the proud dad of a daughter and a son and even though my

Film Noir Elements in the movie Memento Essay

on that point is yet to be a definition to be dod to accurately capture the literary genre of Noir in carry. The image was first coined by French pip critics who noticed the trend of how dark, pilingbeat and black the looks and themes were of valet de chambrey American crime and detective films released in France to theatres following the war(Film Noir). The term noir is a French give voice which literally means black or dark. The connotation attached to the term later on came to be those films which depicted crime, strangeness, cruelty, brutality, violence and similar former(a) attributes.The period for Noir films flourished in the 1940s up to the 1950s, which were aptly cal pass on the classic noir period in movies. Later on, from the 1960s up to the current times, other types of noir films were constructualized like the neo-noir and the cognition fiction noir, all concepts of which were derived from or echoed the original classic noir genus. Memento is oneness movie w hich typifies the film noir genre in that it has numerous elements which categorically makes it as one. Primarily, the existence of a lonely, confused and troubled protagonist (Schoenherr) is there. make sense to this the other elements like the black-and-white scenes, the struggle, the seemingly bleak situations, the crimes perpetrated, the underground investigations, the voice-overs of the lead character, evil, paranoia and deception among other things. An arouse feature of this film though is the story unfolding from its end going up to the supposed sign scenes which took place. It is not narrated exactly in a circular motion but rather they ar presented in chunks of about 10 minutes each.Aside from this, there is the alternate show of the masked and black-and-white formats to put up narration and further expound on the sequence of events. Film noir operates on specific social, cultural and diachronic contexts. In this p dodgeificeicular film, the social context used is t hat of the protagonist becoming a different man afterwardward the rape and murder of his wife. Leonard or Lenny loses his shop after he shoots his wifes rapist and he is shoved and clubbed by the rapists companion. His head hits the bathroom mirror, and from then on, he becomes afflicted with anterograde Amnesia or not being able to retain his short-term memory.Lennys memories before the incident are intact and his last memories are of his wife being murdered, hence, his ever- enduring quest to avenge her death. almost citizenry now think of Lenny as a freak for not being able to opine thoughts, names, faces and events which are a regular distinguish of the memory of normal people since he forgets his thoughts and the things he does after 15 minutes or so. However, Lenny struggles to keep his sanity by winning Polaroid pictures and immediately labeling them, writing down his ideas, and tattooing the more important thoughts on his body.Having no family to call his own, he li ves in a motel room and is louche of everyone. His life storys direction is motivated by vengeance and a major part of the film is spent on this desire to kill. The cultural context of the film is the type of culture that was used in the movie. The setting is close totime during the 2000s in Nevada. It is not shown if the protagonist had a lot of friends before the incident which led to his condition, but it is presumed that it was probably a case of not wanting to be identified with mortal with a stigma of mental unsoundness.The only friend who was identified as someone who knew Lenny immediately after the accident was slickness, who was the one who helped Lenny to befall and kill the original murderer of his wife, and then again Jimmy G. who was in like manner killed by Lenny. As such, it meant that the culture held a discriminating attitude towards this mental illness. Pertaining to historical context, the practice of tattooing as a body art was prevalent from the late 19 90s up to the 2000s. This was a period when tattooing was no longer considered as objects of diversion done in prison cells but rather as an art form to express oneself.In the movie, the lead character made use of tattoos on his body to propel himself of essential facts/details which he al modes wanted to be reminded of. Although not used as an art form, the existence of tattoo parlors in the locality denoted an acceptance of the practice of self-expression, which worked quite well for Lenny. It was also a time when Polaroids were popularly used and Leonard fully exhausted the Polaroids capability to assist him in returning people and places with his depressing mental condition. According to Filmsite.org, the primary moods of classic film noir were melancholy, alienation, bleakness, disillusionment, disenchantment, pessimism, ambiguity, moral corruption, evil, wrong-doing, desperation and paranoia (Film Noir). These themes are evident in the seclusion, isolation and omnipresent m onologues of the lead character who wanted to establish the links to find meaning in his life. A wide array of emotions ranging from suspicion, confusion, naivete, loneliness, alienation, hatred, and bewilderment among others were efficiently delivered by the lead pseudo to the smashers who empathized with him in his daily struggle to survive.Noir movies characteristically have a protagonist who is usually reclusive, by and large disturbed and commonly pessimistic. The lead character in Memento is not the typical protagonist since he lives his life everyday like a clean new slate. Just like the first part of this movie where a Polaroid picture was being undeveloped, Lenny lived his life always careworn to find out what he had been doing and what he should be doing next. His ultimate aim was to find his wifes killer, a task which Teddy assists him with.Although he is somewhat of the withdrawn type, Lenny is still enthusiastic about life and is confident that his Polaroids, notes a nd tattoos are taking him somewhere. Different noir styles were also apparent throughout the film. One is that storylines were often elliptical, non-linear and twisting (Film Noir) which connotes the unique presentation customarily associated with noir. Regular films are often presented in a manner where the story unfolds conventionally from scratch line to end.The story told certifywards and in bits and pieces was a unique way of entrancing the audience into being an prompt participant in the life of Leonard, trying to come up with his/her own conclusions or links to front scenes and events. Amnesia suffered by the protagonist was a common plot device (Film Noir) which was obviously the illness which the lead character was afflicted with. This sort of justified the way with which Lenny killed the possible murderers without remorse or guilt since his brain was devoid of any emotions relating to pity and mercy.Furthermore, it is said that the protagonists in film noir were normal ly driven by their past or by human weakness to repeat former mistakes(Film Noir) which is what happens to Lenny as the film unfolds. It is only later in the movie that it is revealed that Lenny had already killed his wifes murderer, and Teddy had even taken a Polaroid shot of him after the said killing. It was due to his mental condition that Lenny was not able to remember the incident which Teddy later used to his advantage in getting rid of Jimmy G. who was a drug dealer.The original story of Memento was an idea brought forward by the brother of the movies director, Jonathan Nolan in the late 1990s. The storyline was finished after several months and director Christopher Nolan came up with the idea that he wanted to tell the movie O.K.wards, hence the screenplay was manipulated in a way where shot sequences were cut up into small bits. In between the colored takes were the non-colored shots to denote two timelines of what was the past and the present respectively.At some point towards the end of the movie, the black-and-white scene becomes colored specifically when Lenny takes the Polaroid picture of the dead Jimmy G, who was the indorse murder suspect endorsed by Teddy. This signified the beginning of a new chapter in the life of Leonard, and the original commencement of the story which in some way tragically ends with the death of its instigator, Teddy. The artistry presented in the film being of a different genre is as previously mentioned largely seen in the storys presentation to the viewer.The lead actor was also shown in black-and-white scenes and colored ones which showed contrasting characters one, the rugged, unshaven, unkempt, menacing and confused character who shoots the natural gas at Jimmy G. in black-and-white, and the other, the suit-clad formally dressed and more confident Lenny who drives a Jaguar in colored film. This implies that the main character had good and bad traits, although the bad traits were more emphasized but later exposed to be manipulations done by some of the other characters in the plot.One of these characters is Natalie who represents the femme fatale element in the movie, and who adds further intricacies to the plot and manipulates Lenny into a mental tug-of-war with Teddys statements. The cinematography of the film was excellent as emphasis was done where it was necessary, and accurate illumination was also appropriately achieved. Editing was also good especially in the cuts of the film that had to be fed in several lumps, and in two different formats of color and B&W.Continuity in the film was smooth and flowed effortlessly. The film scoring was suitable and elicited empathy from the viewer in the scenes where dialogues were not really necessary. The closest thing to special effects in the film was the way that the first sequence was presented to the viewer where the Polaroid shot was being undeveloped instead of the other way around. It goes back up to the time Lenny shoots Teddy and the latter was screaming for his life.Acting in the film was superb. Guy Pearce as Leonard was able to deliver all the emotions expected from him and thus elicited the required compassion from the viewer. Teddy, Natalie, Sammy Jankins and all the other actors also did a good job in making the plot more focused on the plight of the main character, thereby allowing Lenny to stand out. The movie Memento has some allusions to significant theories and concepts. One of these is the concept of Cultural Materialism.The most active proponent of Cultural Materialism is Marvin Harris and the premise of this theory is that the social life of a human being is a direct response to problems arising from his earthly existence. Leonards actions can be rationalized as a practice of cultural materialism because he is merely responding to his problems instead of taking a proactive role in it. This is due in large part to his illness which he cannot mark off and which allows him to be manipulated by so me shady characters in the film.Existentialism is another concept which is apparent in this movie. The plot evolves around the lead character, Leonard, who tries to find meaning in his existence as he grapples with his affliction rendering him confused and stressed at most times. He tries hard to think and look back but cannot, and this is what leads him to try to devise ways in which he could remember things, events, places and people who have somehow played an important role in his life, after the accident which claimed his short-term memory.Lastly, there is the hint of self-rule as seen in the main character as he tries his best to make decisions without the influence of others. Unfortunately, he was not aware of the subtle approach which was used by the movies disreputable characters who were always one step ahead of him in his plans. Still, it was revealed near the movies end that Lenny was also utilizing his selective memory to manipulate the situation in such a way as to be able to create and continually re-create his motives for vengeance.Since finding the possible suspects to his wifes murder was the only impetus which unploughed him alive, it was a need he had to satiate, and hence, an inspiration which kept him continually in pursuit of. References Schoenherr. Revised 4/11/03. Characteristics of Film Noir. Retrieved from http//history. sandiego. edu/gen/filmnotes/filmnoir. html Film Noir. 2010. Retrieved from http//www. filmsite. org/filmnoir. html Film Reference Ryder, A. , Tyrer, W. & Ball, C. (Producer) & Nolan, C. (Director). 2001. Memento. United States New securities industry Films.

From reading the selected pre-1914 Essay

The reproduction of the autochthonic (pg 414 447) near end of novel From reading the above, what do you learn of dauntlesss recitation of vivid explanation, spectacular incident and reference to Nineteenth century customs and traditions? Which of the three pieces was your favourite and why? From reading the two extracts and the story, I can see that the main difference in the book is how feel is in the book comp ard to our modern 21st century. People in the 19th century depended very to a great extent on agriculture and f offshooting especially in Wessex, where nearly all of venturouss novels were set. pay for agricultural labourers were the lowest in the country in Dorset, averaging out at the equivalent of 37p a week in 1840. Magic and superstition was rife in the 19th century, and numerous spate believedin dark powers. all(prenominal) village in Wessex was supposed to have their own witch. Magic play a big piece in two of the stories which I am studying, The sear Ar m, and The paying back of the Native. People who attached crimes in the 19th century were severely punished.Poachers were transported to Australia to do hard labour, night burglary was punishable by death. Hangings were still very popular in the 19th century and any hanging was an exc function for a holiday. Class systems in the 19th century were very rigid not many people succeeded in moving up to a higher class, but Thomas stout was one of the a few(prenominal) people who managed to do this. Thomas sturdy practises vivid description in all of his novels and short stories, including the novels which I am studying, in particular The mayor of Casterbridge.At the beginning of the chapter, we have an almost cinematic view, as if a camera is zooming in on the three travellers, describing them from afar at first, then in much detail as we begin to see them from closer up. We can almost feel the tension amid the two adults, when Hardy says What was really peculiar was the perfect silence they preserved. In The Withered Arm, Hardy parts vivid description very effectively when description Rhoda Brooks vision. He uses words such as Peered cruelly and shockingy distorted to imply that Gertrude is mocking her for being cast aside and then Gertrude winning her place as Farmer Lodges wife. This vivid description is also linked to salient incident as it is a key chapter in the story, and Hardy uses adjectives to describe Rhodas dream, it makes us feel as though we are actually there, watching this distorted version of Gertrude attacking Rhoda, so Hardys descriptions are very effective in this chapter of the book.Also, at the beginning of the story, we learn a lot from the dairy workers in the farm, who gossip. They gossip about Farmer Lodges new wife and they try to guess how old Farmer Lodge is, all the while ignoring Rhoda Brook, Farmer Lodges ex-wife. In The Return of the Native, when the superstitious Susan urinates a voodoo doll resembling Eustacia, Hardys use of vivid description is effective when Susan thrusts pins in the doll, and then puts it in the firem murmuring the Lords appealingness backwards which was a proceed which called for help against an enemy.Magic played a key part in this story Susan believed that Eustacia was making her son ill, because at the exact moment that he said he was skin senses unwell, Eustacias dark shadow crossed the light from her house, but this was just a coincidence. Also, in The Return of the Native, when Eustacia falls into the pool of water near weir, Hardy uses pathetic fallacy, which is when events in the natural creative activity mirror what is going on in the human world.In this case, Eustacia is very depressed and unhappy, so the bear is atrochiously stormy, raining and windy. Because, it has rained so much, the pool has created a whirlpool, and Eustacia falls in. To describe the scene more effectively, Hardy uses metaphors such as Boiling cauldron, referring to the whirpool, th e current, and emphasising the amount of water in the pool. Hardys use of outstanding incident in all three of his stories manage to shape the whole story, especially in The Mayor of Casterbridge.In think amin the dramatic incident in the extract is when Michael Henchard sells his wife at auction when he becomes drunk. The day after, Michael realises how stupid he has been and vows never to touch another drop of alcohol for however many years as his age. I think this is very effective because the day after Michael sells his wife and baby, he realises that alcohol changed him into something he doesnt want to be. In The Mayor of Casterbridge, when Hardy uses dramatic incident, we learn that Hardy builds up suspension before the dramatic climax.When Michael Henchard is trying to sell his wife and baby at auction, goose egg will bid the price that he is looking for, then just as Michael is going to keep apart Yes. said a voice from the doorway. The man in the doorway was in fact, a sailor. He bought Michaels wife for five guineas, and she left, leaving us with the impression that she is glad that she has got away from her husband at last. Hardy uses lots of dialect to show exactly how Michael Henchard feels about his current state of affairs The woman is no good to me. Who will have her? When Michael is trying to sell his wife, Hardy describes Michaels distaste for her effectively, and when he lastly does sell her, even the rough country people in the tent are surprised that he let his wife and child go without a second glance. In The Withered Arm, I think there are two main dramatic incidents Rhoda Brooks dream, and Gertrudes turning of her blood, when she sees that the young man who has been hanged is, in fact, Rhodas son. When Rhoda has a dream that Gertrude visits her to mock her, Gertrude looks ugly and old.Hardy used use of vivid description works effectively in making us consider that Gertrude has come to mock her because Rhoda has been replaced by he r in Farmer Lodges affections. Hardys use of verbs work well in this incident, using words such as thrust, swung, and peered cruelly to create a feeling of hate between Rhoda and the figure come to visit her at night. The other dramatic incident in The Withered Arm is when Gertrude travels to get her arm cured by holding her arm against a newly hanged mans neck, who is in fact Rhodas son.Hardys use of dialect again gives and extra depth to the story, when Rhoda walks in when Gertrudes blood is in the process of being turned This is the meaning of what monster showed me in the vision Rhoda shouts. Hardys use of the word Satan, emphasizes the hatred Rhoda has for Gertrude and perhaps jealousy, for stealing her husband although Gertrudes character is kind and gentle. In The Return of the Native, the main dramatic incident is when Eustacia falls into the whirlpool and Clym Yeobright and Wildeve try to save her, but fail.Three bodies are pulled out, and only one, Clym, survives. Referr ing again to pathetic fallacy, the weather is awful when Eustacia falls into the boiling cauldron. The slow actualization that Wildeve was actually holding on to Clym when Diggory Venn was seemingly just pulling Clym out creates images of horror. My favourite story is The Withered Arm, because I like Hardys use of magic in Rhodas vision, how Gertrudes arm became deformed because of this. Gertrude obviously has no thinking how this happened.Hardys use of vivid description in the book is very effective throughout, but especially in Rhodas vision. Rhoda is obsessed with the idea of Farmer Lodge being with another woman, and sends her son to look at Gertrude and report back to her. When he says that Gertrude is shorter that Rhoda, she seems pleased and smug about herself. I like the way how Hardy has interlinked everything, e. g. Rhodas sons father is Farmer Lodge, the young man who was hanged was Rhodas son.I think it is a very dodgy story, and at the end, Gertrude dies at the frigh t of seeing Rhodas son dead, lying limp in the coffin. I think that the story shows that Rhoda is perhaps so obsessed about Farmer Lodge and Gertrude it is almost unhealthy, and because of this, mayhap this is why she had the vision in the first place. I learn that Gertrude is forgiving, even though when she went to see conjurer Trendle and he created the concoction of egg white and water, Rhodas image formed. Gertrude was surprised, but she doesnt question it because she had no idea that Rhoda had anything to do with her arm.